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Is It Helpful to Believe That Efforts Will Lead to Positive Outcomes? Two Cross-Lagged Panel Investigations among Adolescents and Young Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Jacky C. K. Ng

    (Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China)

  • Vince W. T. Cheung

    (Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China)

  • Helen S. M. Wong

    (Division of Business and Hospitality Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China)

  • Sherry M. Y. Leung

    (Division of Business and Hospitality Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China)

  • Victor C. Y. Lau

    (Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

Over the past few decades, the role of self-views in life satisfaction has been extensively investigated. Recently, growing attention has been directed to the question of whether an optimistic worldview, termed “reward for application”, helps boost life satisfaction. Conceptually, the association between reward for application and life satisfaction can be paradoxical. Due to various methodological and theoretical shortfalls, previous investigations were unable to draw a robust conclusion on this association. To address these shortfalls, two cross-lagged panel studies were conducted with different time lags. Over and above the potential confounds of self-views (namely, self-esteem and self-rated personality traits), reward for application had a positive effect on lagged life satisfaction among both adolescents and young adults, while the reverse effect was not found. Moreover, we found support for the multiplicative effect between worldviews and self-views, in which the positive effect of reward for application on life satisfaction was attenuated by high self-esteem.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacky C. K. Ng & Vince W. T. Cheung & Helen S. M. Wong & Sherry M. Y. Leung & Victor C. Y. Lau, 2020. "Is It Helpful to Believe That Efforts Will Lead to Positive Outcomes? Two Cross-Lagged Panel Investigations among Adolescents and Young Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:20:p:7585-:d:430944
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohsen Joshanloo & Samaneh Afshari, 2011. "Big Five Personality Traits and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Life Satisfaction in Iranian Muslim University Students," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 105-113, March.
    2. Johanna Lai & Michael Bond & Natalie Hui, 2007. "The role of social axioms in predicting life satisfaction: a longitudinal study in Hong Kong," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 517-535, December.
    3. Andreas Klein & Helfried Moosbrugger, 2000. "Maximum likelihood estimation of latent interaction effects with the LMS method," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 65(4), pages 457-474, December.
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