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Effects of Toxic Metal Contamination in the Tri-State Mining District on the Ecological Community and Human Health: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Hyejoon Park

    (Department of History, Philosophy, and Social Sciences, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA)

  • Keeyoon Noh

    (Department of History, Philosophy, and Social Sciences, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA)

  • Jihyun Jane Min

    (Thomas Jefferson Independent Day School, 3401 Newman Rd, Joplin, MO 64801, USA)

  • Christopher Rupar

    (Thomas Jefferson Independent Day School, 3401 Newman Rd, Joplin, MO 64801, USA)

Abstract

Although extensive research exists on toxic environments in the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD), there has been a lack of research on how harmful effects in TSMD could affect residents living in those areas. However, quite recently, such research regarding relationships between the health conditions of residents and toxic elements in the TSMD began to grow. The increase of empirical studies means greater complexity of the findings that require a more intricate understanding. To meet the goals of this study, an extensive, systematic review of the literature using PRISMA was conducted. This method resulted in 19 articles that define the harmful effects of the TSMD on the ecology and the physical health of residents. This research found that toxic metals not only negatively impact natural processes in the TSMD environments (fish species reduction, kidney and liver problems, and toxic diet) but also continuously affect the health of residents (high blood Pb and mortality).This study makes a vital contribution building upon the existing outcomes of the correlations between toxic elements in the TSMD areas and the health of residents. Furthermore, conclusions of this study provide updated information to policymakers and health-related professionals by providing adequate and innovative remediations and health-related services in the TSMD.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyejoon Park & Keeyoon Noh & Jihyun Jane Min & Christopher Rupar, 2020. "Effects of Toxic Metal Contamination in the Tri-State Mining District on the Ecological Community and Human Health: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-33, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6783-:d:414988
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlos Fernández-Espínola & Manuel Tomás Abad Robles & Francisco Javier Giménez Fuentes-Guerra, 2020. "Small-Sided Games as a Methodological Resource for Team Sports Teaching: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Lanphear, B.P. & Michael Weitzman, M.D. & Winter, N.L. & Eberly, S. & Yakir, B. & Tanner, M. & Emond, M. & Matte, T.D., 1996. "Lead-contaminated house dust and urban children's blood lead levels," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 86(10), pages 1416-1421.
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