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Perceived Stress, Stigma, Traumatic Stress Levels and Coping Responses amongst Residents in Training across Multiple Specialties during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Longitudinal Study

Author

Listed:
  • Qian Hui Chew

    (Department of Research, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore)

  • Faith Li-Ann Chia

    (National Healthcare Group Residency, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Wee Khoon Ng

    (National Healthcare Group Internal Medicine Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Wan Cheong Ivan Lee

    (National Healthcare Group Education Office, Singapore 138543, Singapore)

  • Pei Lin Lynnette Tan

    (Department of Psychiatry, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Chen Seong Wong

    (National Healthcare Group Infectious Diseases Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Ser Hon Puah

    (National Healthcare Group Respiratory Medicine Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Vishalkumar G. Shelat

    (National Healthcare Group Post-Graduate Year 1 Training Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Ee-Jin Darren Seah

    (National Healthcare Group Family Medicine Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 138543, Singapore)

  • Cheong Wei Terence Huey

    (Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
    National Healthcare Group General Surgery Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore)

  • Eng Joo Phua

    (National Healthcare Group Residency, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    Department of General Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore)

  • Kang Sim

    (National Healthcare Group National Psychiatry Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
    West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore)

Abstract

This study aimed to explore changes in psychological responses (perceived stress, traumatic stress, stigma, coping) over time in residents, as well as their predictors. The level of perceived stress, traumatic stress, stigma, and coping responses were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, Impact of Event-Revised, Healthcare Workers Stigma Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory, respectively. We collected responses from 274 residents at baseline and 221 residents at 3 months follow-up (timepoint 2) from the National Healthcare Group (NHG) residency programs in Singapore. All residents reported lower perceived stress and lower perceived stigma compared to baseline. Use of avoidance coping was associated with all three psychological responses (perceived stress, traumatic stress, and stigma) across the two timepoints. Compared to baseline, specific factors associated with perceived stress and traumatic stress at timepoint 2 were living alone, less problem solving, and seeking social support. Residency programs should encourage active coping strategies (e.g., seeking social support, positive thinking, problem solving) among residents, and proactively identify residents who may be at higher risk of psychological sequelae due to circumstances that contribute to isolation.

Suggested Citation

  • Qian Hui Chew & Faith Li-Ann Chia & Wee Khoon Ng & Wan Cheong Ivan Lee & Pei Lin Lynnette Tan & Chen Seong Wong & Ser Hon Puah & Vishalkumar G. Shelat & Ee-Jin Darren Seah & Cheong Wei Terence Huey & , 2020. "Perceived Stress, Stigma, Traumatic Stress Levels and Coping Responses amongst Residents in Training across Multiple Specialties during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-13, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6572-:d:411180
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Campbell, C. & Foulis, C.A. & Maimane, S. & Sibiya, Z., 2005. ""I have an evil child at my house": Stigma and HIV/AIDS managament in a South African community," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(5), pages 808-815.
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    Cited by:

    1. Margaret E. Beier & Mona Cockerham & Sandy Branson & Lisa Boss, 2023. "Aging and Burnout for Nurses in an Acute Care Setting: The First Wave of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Yuen Yu Chong & Wai Tong Chien & Ho Yu Cheng & Demetris Lamnisos & Jeļena Ļubenko & Giovambattista Presti & Valeria Squatrito & Marios Constantinou & Christiana Nicolaou & Savvas Papacostas & Gökçen A, 2021. "Patterns of Psychological Responses among the Public during the Early Phase of COVID-19: A Cross-Regional Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Antonio Lasalvia & Luca Bodini & Francesco Amaddeo & Stefano Porru & Angela Carta & Ranieri Poli & Chiara Bonetto, 2021. "The Sustained Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers One Year after the Outbreak—A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey in a Tertiary Hospital of North-East Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Melanie Schubert & Julia Ludwig & Alice Freiberg & Taurai Monalisa Hahne & Karla Romero Starke & Maria Girbig & Gudrun Faller & Christian Apfelbacher & Olaf von dem Knesebeck & Andreas Seidler, 2021. "Stigmatization from Work-Related COVID-19 Exposure: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-22, June.
    5. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Massimo Antonelli, 2021. "Prolonged Stress Causes Depression in Frontline Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in a COVID-19 Hub-Hospital in Central Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.
    6. Ewa Kupcewicz & Marzena Mikla & Helena Kadučáková & Daria Schneider-Matyka & Elżbieta Grochans, 2022. "Health Behaviours and the Sense of Optimism in Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, February.
    7. Francesca Th’ng & Kailing Adriel Rao & Lixia Ge & Desmond Mao & Hwee Nah Neo & Joseph Antonio De Molina & Eillyne Seow, 2021. "A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-21, October.
    8. Barili, Emilia & Bertoli, Paola & Grembi, Veronica & Rattini, Veronica, 2024. "COVID angels fighting daily demons? Mental well-being of healthcare workers and religiosity," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    9. Makoto Tsukuda & Yoshiyasu Ito & Keisuke Nojima & Tomonori Kayano & Junko Honda, 2022. "Development and Validation of the COVID-19-Related Stigma Scale for Healthcare Workers (CSS-HCWs)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, August.
    10. S Vivek Anand & Yao Kang Shuy & Poay Sian Sabrina Lee & Eng Sing Lee, 2021. "One Year on: An Overview of Singapore’s Response to COVID-19—What We Did, How We Fared, How We Can Move Forward," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-33, August.
    11. Paola Manfredi, 2022. "Is This All COVID-19′s Fault? A Study on Trainees in One of the Most Affected Italian Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Massimo Antonelli, 2021. "A One-Year Prospective Study of Work-Related Mental Health in the Intensivists of a COVID-19 Hub Hospital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    13. Flaviu Moldovan & Adrian Gligor & Liviu Moldovan & Tiberiu Bataga, 2022. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Orthopedic Residents: A Pan-Romanian Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-20, July.
    14. Stella E. Hines & Katherine H. Chin & Danielle R. Glick & Emerson M. Wickwire, 2021. "Trends in Moral Injury, Distress, and Resilience Factors among Healthcare Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-11, January.

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