IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i17p6044-d401339.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Will the Foot Strike Pattern Change at Different Running Speeds with or without Wearing Shoes?

Author

Listed:
  • Ying-Jen Lai

    (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    The first two authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Willy Chou

    (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
    Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
    The first two authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • I-Hua Chu

    (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Lin Wang

    (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan)

  • Yi-Jing Lin

    (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Shihfan Jack Tu

    (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Lan-Yuen Guo

    (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

Abstract

Runners strike their feet with three different patterns during running: forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot. This study aimed to investigate whether runners maintain consistent patterns while running speed and foot condition change. The foot strike patterns of runners when running on a treadmill at paces ranging from slow to fast were recorded from twenty healthy male regular runners, with and without shoes, in random order. A high-speed camera was used to observe the strike patterns, which were then categorized by an experienced physical therapist. Linear-log and Pearson chi-square analysis with a significance level of α = 0.05 was performed to examine the correlation between foot strike pattern, running speed, and shoe conditions. The results suggest that runners strike with different patterns when running with and without shoes (χ 2 = 99.07, p < 0.01); runners preferred to adopt heel strike regardless of running speeds when running with shoes. While running barefoot, only 23.8% of landing strikes were rearfoot, and the strike pattern distribution did not change significantly with the running speed (χ 2 = 2.26, p = 0.89). In summary, the foot strike preference of runners is correlated with the foot condition (barefoot or shod) rather than running speed. For runners who intend to change their strike patterns for any reason, we recommend that they consider adjusting their footwear, which may naturally help with the foot strike adjustment. Future studies should attempt to use advanced techniques to observe further foot biomechanics in order to discover if changing strike pattern is directly correlated with lower limb injuries.

Suggested Citation

  • Ying-Jen Lai & Willy Chou & I-Hua Chu & Yu-Lin Wang & Yi-Jing Lin & Shihfan Jack Tu & Lan-Yuen Guo, 2020. "Will the Foot Strike Pattern Change at Different Running Speeds with or without Wearing Shoes?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-9, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6044-:d:401339
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6044/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6044/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hendrik Mugele & Ashley Plummer & Omar Baritello & Maggie Towe & Pia Brecht & Frank Mayer, 2018. "Accuracy of training recommendations based on a treadmill multistage incremental exercise test," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Daniel E. Lieberman & Madhusudhan Venkadesan & William A. Werbel & Adam I. Daoud & Susan D’Andrea & Irene S. Davis & Robert Ojiambo Mang’Eni & Yannis Pitsiladis, 2010. "Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners," Nature, Nature, vol. 463(7280), pages 531-535, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alberto Rubio-Peirotén & Felipe García-Pinillos & Diego Jaén-Carrillo & Antonio Cartón-Llorente & Ferrán Abat & Luis E. Roche-Seruendo, 2021. "Relationship between Connective Tissue Morphology and Lower-Limb Stiffness in Endurance Runners. A Prospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Chao-Fu Chen & Hui-Ju Wu & Chao Liu & Soun-Cheng Wang, 2022. "Kinematics Analysis of Male Runners via Forefoot and Rearfoot Strike Strategies: A Preliminary Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-10, November.
    3. Felipe García-Pinillos & Diego Jaén-Carrillo & Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román & Carles Escalona-Marfil & Víctor M. Soto-Hermoso & Carlos Lago-Fuentes & Silvia Pueyo-Villa & Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz & Luis E., 2021. "Does Arch Stiffness Influence Running Spatiotemporal Parameters? An Analysis of the Relationship between Influencing Factors on Running Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-9, March.
    4. Andrigo Zaar & Eduardo Borba Neves & Abel Ilah Rouboa & Victor Machado Reis, 2017. "Determinative Factors in The Injury Incidence on Runners: Synthesis of Evidence “Injuries on Runners”," The Open Sports Sciences Journal, Bentham Open, vol. 10(1), pages 294-304, December.
    5. Ana Marchena-Rodriguez & Ana Belen Ortega-Avila & Pablo Cervera-Garvi & David Cabello-Manrique & Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron, 2020. "Review of Terms and Definitions Used in Descriptions of Running Shoes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-11, May.
    6. Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo & Bruno Mezêncio & Alberto Carlos Amadio & Julio Cerca Serrão, 2016. "16 Weeks of Progressive Barefoot Running Training Changes Impact Force and Muscle Activation in Habitual Shod Runners," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-16, December.
    7. Koji Nishida & Shota Hagio & Benio Kibushi & Toshio Moritani & Motoki Kouzaki, 2017. "Comparison of muscle synergies for running between different foot strike patterns," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-19, February.
    8. Christian Mitschke & Falk Zaumseil & Thomas L. Milani, 2017. "The influence of inertial sensor sampling frequency on the accuracy of measurement parameters in rearfoot running," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(14), pages 1502-1511, October.
    9. Niki M Stolwijk & Jacques Duysens & Jan Willem K Louwerens & Yvonne HM van de Ven & Noël LW Keijsers, 2013. "Flat Feet, Happy Feet? Comparison of the Dynamic Plantar Pressure Distribution and Static Medial Foot Geometry between Malawian and Dutch Adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(2), pages 1-9, February.
    10. Patrick Devlieger & Jori De Coster, 2017. "On Footwear and Disability: A Dance of Animacy?," Societies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-11, June.
    11. Yang Yang & Xini Zhang & Zhen Luo & Xi Wang & Dongqiang Ye & Weijie Fu, 2020. "Alterations in Running Biomechanics after 12 Week Gait Retraining with Minimalist Shoes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, January.
    12. Xinyan Jiang & Huiyu Zhou & Wenjing Quan & Qiuli Hu & Julien S. Baker & Yaodong Gu, 2021. "Ground Reaction Force Differences between Bionic Shoes and Neutral Running Shoes in Recreational Male Runners before and after a 5 km Run," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    13. Elena Escamilla-Martínez & Beatriz Gómez-Martín & Lourdes María Fernández-Seguín & Alfonso Martínez-Nova & Juan Diego Pedrera-Zamorano & Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez, 2020. "Longitudinal Analysis of Plantar Pressures with Wear of a Running Shoe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-8, March.
    14. Enrico Santoro & Antonio Tessitore & Chiang Liu & Chi-Hsien Chen & Chutimon Khemtong & Mauro Mandorino & Yi-Hua Lee & Giancarlo Condello, 2021. "The Biomechanical Characterization of the Turning Phase during a 180° Change of Direction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-16, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6044-:d:401339. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.