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Demographic, Social, and Economic Factors of Internalizing Problems in Referred and Non-Referred Adolescents

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  • Lucía Antolín-Suárez

    (Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain)

  • Francisco J. Nieto-Casado

    (Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain)

  • Ana Rodríguez-Meirinhos

    (Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain)

  • Alfredo Oliva

    (Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain)

Abstract

Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are common internalizing problems during adolescence. Numerous studies have explored the role of certain demographic, social, and economic factors in their development in referred or non-referred adolescents, but not simultaneously in both groups. In this study, we examined the association between age, gender, parents’ educational level, and socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in a referred group ( n = 211) and a non-referred ( n = 1401) group of adolescents. We also examined the moderating role that these factors play in the relationships between both internalizing problems. The results showed: higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the referred group; an increase in both problems during early-to-middle adolescence in the non-referred group; an association between low SES and suicidal ideation in both groups; an association between low father’s education level and depressive symptoms in the non-referred group; and no gender differences in either of these two internalizing problems. The moderation analyses showed that age, in referred adolescents, and SES, in non-referred adolescents, moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. This study contributes to the identification of groups of vulnerable adolescents that could constitute the target populations of preventive programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Lucía Antolín-Suárez & Francisco J. Nieto-Casado & Ana Rodríguez-Meirinhos & Alfredo Oliva, 2020. "Demographic, Social, and Economic Factors of Internalizing Problems in Referred and Non-Referred Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5195-:d:386561
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Goodman, E. & Slap, G.B. & Huang, B., 2003. "The Public Health Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Adolescent Depression and Obesity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(11), pages 1844-1850.
    2. William Boyce & Torbjorn Torsheim & Candace Currie & Alessio Zambon, 2006. "The Family Affluence Scale as a Measure of National Wealth: Validation of an Adolescent Self-Report Measure," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 78(3), pages 473-487, September.
    3. Andrea Miranda-Mendizabal & Pere Castellví & Oleguer Parés-Badell & Itxaso Alayo & José Almenara & Iciar Alonso & Maria Jesús Blasco & Annabel Cebrià & Andrea Gabilondo & Margalida Gili & Carolina Lag, 2019. "Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(2), pages 265-283, March.
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