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Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro

    (Health, Physical Activity and Sports Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Activity and Sports, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Diego Marqués-Jiménez

    (Academy Department, Deportivo Alavés, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Julio Calleja-González

    (Laboratory of Human Performance, Faculty of Education, Sport Section, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, University of the Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria, Spain)

  • Aitor Viribay

    (Glut4Science, Physiology, Nutrition and Sport, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

  • Patxi León-Guereño

    (Health, Physical Activity and Sports Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Activity and Sports, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Juan Mielgo-Ayuso

    (Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain)

Abstract

Background : There are many athletes who like to listen to music while making a high intensity effort. However, research into the effects of listening to music on athletic performance has provided controversial results, and it is suggested that the timing and type of music might affect the anaerobic performance response. Purpose : The main aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects while listening to music tasks via the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) on absolute performance and relative peak power (APP and RPP), absolute and relative mean power (AMP and RMP), and fatigue index (FI). Methods : PRISMA guidelines were used as a basis for conducting this systematic review, with inclusion criteria being set out according to the PICOS model. Computer-based literature research was undertaken until 10 March 2020 using the following online databases: PubMed/Medline, WOS, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The literature was reviewed with regard to the effects of listening to music on the WAnT using several music variables on: APP, RPP, AMP, RMP and FI. Hedges’ g formula was used to calculate both standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, in order to establish continuous outcomes. Furthermore, the I 2 statistic evaluated systematic differences (heterogeneity) together with a random effect meta-analysis model. Results : This systematic review included nine articles that researched into the effects of music on WAnT performance (six studies describe improvements in APP and/or RPP, four in AMP and/or RMP and three in FI). The random effects model was used to undertake a final meta-analysis, with standardized mean differences (SMD) and magnitude of standardized mean differences (MSMD) (Hedges’ g) being pooled accordingly. The resulting meta-analysis incorporated eight studies that had been previously published, with results showing that there were no apparent beneficial effects on APP ( p = 0.09), AMP ( p = 0.33) and FI ( p = 0.46) as a consequence of listening to music. However, listening to music showed beneficial effects on RPP (SMD: 0.65; 95%: CI 0.35 to 0.96; MSMD: moderate; I 2 , 0%; p < 0.001) and RMP (SMD: 1.03; 95%: CI, 0.63 to 1.42; MSMD: trivial; I 2 , 0%; p < 0.001). Conclusion : This systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that listening to music during the WAnT might physiologically enhance relative anaerobic exercise performance, although reasons remain speculative.

Suggested Citation

  • Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro & Diego Marqués-Jiménez & Julio Calleja-González & Aitor Viribay & Patxi León-Guereño & Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, 2020. "Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:12:p:4564-:d:376023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. A. E. Ades & G. Lu & J. P. T. Higgins, 2005. "The Interpretation of Random-Effects Meta-Analysis in Decision Models," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 25(6), pages 646-654, November.
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    1. Hung-Tsung Wang & Hsia-Ling Tai & Chia-Chen Yang & Yung-Sheng Chen, 2020. "Acute Effects of Self-Selected Music Intervention on Golf Performance and Anxiety Level in Collegiate Golfers: A Crossover Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-16, October.

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