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Global Brain Drain: How Can the Maslow Theory of Motivation Improve Our Understanding of Physician Migration?

Author

Listed:
  • Lena Dohlman

    (Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA)

  • Matthew DiMeglio

    (DO/MBA Student, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA)

  • Jihane Hajj

    (Department of Cardiology, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Krzysztof Laudanski

    (Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Global Health Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

Abstract

The migration of physicians from low-resource to high-resource settings is a prevalent global phenomenon that is insufficiently understood. Most low-income countries are severely understaffed with physicians, and the emigration of the already limited number of physicians to other countries can significantly reduce access to healthcare in the source country. Despite a growing interest in global capacity building in these countries by academic and non-governmental organizations in high-income countries, efforts to stem physician migration have been mostly unsuccessful. The authors reviewed the current literature for the motivational factors leading to physician migration in the context of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs. Our study found that financial safety needs were major drivers of physician emigration. However, factors related to self-actualization such as the desire for professional development through training opportunities and research, were also major contributors. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of physician motivations to emigrate from low-resource countries. Maslow’s Theory of Motivation may provide a useful framework for future studies evaluating the concerns of physicians in low-income countries and as a guide to incentivize retention.

Suggested Citation

  • Lena Dohlman & Matthew DiMeglio & Jihane Hajj & Krzysztof Laudanski, 2019. "Global Brain Drain: How Can the Maslow Theory of Motivation Improve Our Understanding of Physician Migration?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-13, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:7:p:1182-:d:219240
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    References listed on IDEAS

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