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Tai Chi as an Alternative Exercise to Improve Physical Fitness for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability

Author

Listed:
  • Zhaowei Kong

    (Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China)

  • Tat-Ming Sze

    (Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China)

  • Jane Jie Yu

    (Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China)

  • Paul D. Loprinzi

    (Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA)

  • Tao Xiao

    (College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China)

  • Albert S. Yeung

    (Depression Clinical and Research Program at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Chunxiao Li

    (Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore)

  • Hua Zhang

    (Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China)

  • Liye Zou

    (Lifestyle (Mind-Body Movement) Research Center, College of Sports Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China)

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi (TC) on anthropometric parameters and physical fitness among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). Methods: Sixty-six Chinese individuals engaged in sport-related extracurricular activities (TC and aerobic exercise (AE)) as exercise interventions or arts/crafts activities as a control condition (CON). The experimental protocol consisted of a baseline assessment, a 12-week intervention period, and a post-intervention assessment. Results: Significant interaction effect was only observed in the performance of a 6-min walk test. After 12 weeks of intervention, the AE group had significant changes in body mass index ( p = 0.006, d = 0.11), sit-ups ( p = 0.030 and d = 0.57), and 6-min walk test ( p = 0.005, d = 0.89). Significant increases in vertical jump ( p = 0.048, d = 0.41), lower-limb coordination ( p = 0.008, d = 0.53), and upper-limb coordination ( p = 0.048, d = 0.36) were observed in the TC group. Furthermore, the TC group demonstrated significantly greater improvements on balance compared to the control group ( p = 0.011). Conclusions: TC may improve leg power and coordination of both lower and upper limbs, while AE may be beneficial for body mass index, sit-ups and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhaowei Kong & Tat-Ming Sze & Jane Jie Yu & Paul D. Loprinzi & Tao Xiao & Albert S. Yeung & Chunxiao Li & Hua Zhang & Liye Zou, 2019. "Tai Chi as an Alternative Exercise to Improve Physical Fitness for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:7:p:1152-:d:218587
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liye Zou & Chaoyi Wang & Kevin Chen & Yankai Shu & Xiaoan Chen & Lin Luo & Xitang Zhao, 2017. "The Effect of Taichi Practice on Attenuating Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Kelly Hsieh & Thessa I. M. Hilgenkamp & Sumithra Murthy & Tamar Heller & James H. Rimmer, 2017. "Low Levels of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, December.
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    5. Jinlong Wu & Paul D. Loprinzi & Zhanbing Ren, 2019. "The Rehabilitative Effects of Virtual Reality Games on Balance Performance among Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-13, October.
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    7. Guyeol Jeong & Buongo Chun, 2021. "Analysis of the Relationship between Obesity Factors and Health-Related Physical Fitness Factors among People with Intellectual Disabilities in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-11, June.

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