IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i3p436-d203035.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality: Contributions and Variations by Rurality in the United States, 2012–2015

Author

Listed:
  • Jeffrey E. Hall

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, 4770 Buford Highway, TW-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Ramal Moonesinghe

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, 4770 Buford Highway, TW-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Karen Bouye

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, 4770 Buford Highway, TW-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Ana Penman-Aguilar

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, 4770 Buford Highway, TW-3, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

Abstract

The value of disaggregating non-metropolitan and metropolitan area deaths in illustrating place-based health effects is evident. However, how place interacts with characteristics such as race/ethnicity has been less firmly established. This study compared socioeconomic characteristics and age-adjusted mortality rates by race/ethnicity in six rurality designations and assessed the contributions of mortality rate disparities between non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in each designation to national disparities. Compared to NHWs, age-adjusted mortality rates for: (1) NHBs were higher for all causes (combined), heart disease, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular disease; (2) American Indian and Alaska Natives were significantly higher for all causes in rural areas; (3) Asian Pacific islanders and Hispanics were either lower or not significantly different in all areas for all causes combined and all leading causes of death examined. The largest contribution to the U.S. disparity in mortality rates between NHBs and NHWs originated from large central metropolitan areas. Place-based variations in mortality rates and disparities may reflect resource, and access inequities that are often greater and have greater health consequences for some racial/ethnic populations than others. Tailored, systems level actions may help eliminate mortality disparities existing at intersections between race/ethnicity and place.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey E. Hall & Ramal Moonesinghe & Karen Bouye & Ana Penman-Aguilar, 2019. "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality: Contributions and Variations by Rurality in the United States, 2012–2015," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:436-:d:203035
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/436/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/436/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Probst, J.C. & Moore, C.G. & Glover, S.H. & Samuels, M.E., 2004. "Person and place: The compounding effects of race/ethnicity and rurality on health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(10), pages 1695-1703.
    2. Eberhardt, M.S. & Pamuk, E.R., 2004. "The importance of place of residence: Examining health in rural and nonrural areas," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(10), pages 1682-1686.
    3. Bernard, Paul & Charafeddine, Rana & Frohlich, Katherine L. & Daniel, Mark & Kestens, Yan & Potvin, Louise, 2007. "Health inequalities and place: A theoretical conception of neighbourhood," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(9), pages 1839-1852, November.
    4. Caldwell, J.T. & Ford, C.L. & Wallace, S.P. & Wang, M.C. & Takahashi, L.M., 2016. "Intersection of living in a rural versus urban area and race/ethnicity in explaining access to health care in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(8), pages 1463-1469.
    5. Anne Case & Angua Deaton, 2015. "Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century," Working Papers 15078.full.pdf, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Research Program in Development Studies..
    6. Dan A. Black & Seth G. Sanders & Evan J. Taylor & Lowell J. Taylor, 2015. "The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African Americans: Evidence from the Deep South," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(2), pages 477-503, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bastian, Jacob E. & Black, Dan A., 2024. "Relaxing financial constraints with tax credits and migrating out of rural and distressed America," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    2. Elizabeth Lawrence & Robert A. Hummer & Kathleen Mullan Harris, 2017. "The Cardiovascular Health of Young Adults: Disparities along the Urban-Rural Continuum," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 672(1), pages 257-281, July.
    3. Jason Fletcher & Hans G. Schwarz & Michal Engelman & Norman Johnson & Jahn Hakes & Alberto Palloni, 2022. "Understanding Geographic Disparities in Mortality," NBER Working Papers 30572, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Benjamin K. Couillard & Christopher L. Foote & Kavish Gandhi & Ellen Meara & Jonathan Skinner, 2021. "Rising Geographic Disparities in US Mortality," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 35(4), pages 123-146, Fall.
    5. Beyer, Kirsten M.M. & Comstock, Sara & Seagren, Renea & Rushton, Gerard, 2011. "Explaining place-based colorectal cancer health disparities: Evidence from a rural context," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(3), pages 373-382, February.
    6. Matthew Lee Smith & Thomas R. Prohaska & Kara E. MacLeod & Marcia G. Ory & Amy R. Eisenstein & David R. Ragland & Cheryl Irmiter & Samuel D. Towne & William A. Satariano, 2017. "Non-Emergency Medical Transportation Needs of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Rural-Urban Comparison in Delaware, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-13, February.
    7. Whitney E. Zahnd & Cathryn Murphy & Marie Knoll & Gabriel A. Benavidez & Kelsey R. Day & Radhika Ranganathan & Parthenia Luke & Anja Zgodic & Kewei Shi & Melinda A. Merrell & Elizabeth L. Crouch & Hea, 2021. "The Intersection of Rural Residence and Minority Race/Ethnicity in Cancer Disparities in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-26, February.
    8. Thorsen, Maggie L. & Harris, Sean & Palacios, Janelle F. & McGarvey, Ronald G. & Thorsen, Andreas, 2023. "American Indians travel great distances for obstetrical care: Examining rural and racial disparities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    9. Adriana Lleras‐Muney, 2022. "Education and income gradients in longevity: The role of policy," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(1), pages 5-37, February.
    10. Alexander Cheung & Joseph Marchand & Patricia Mark, 2022. "Loss of Life and Labor Productivity: The Canadian Opioid Crisis," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 703(1), pages 303-323, September.
    11. Alex Hollingsworth & Krzysztof Karbownik & Melissa A. Thomasson & Anthony Wray, 2024. "The Gift of a Lifetime: The Hospital, Modern Medicine, and Mortality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 114(7), pages 2201-2238, July.
    12. Wim Naudé, 2016. "Is European Entrepreneurship in Crisis?," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 14(03), pages 03-07, October.
    13. Bryan A. Stuart & Evan J. Taylor, 2021. "Migration Networks and Location Decisions: Evidence from US Mass Migration," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(3), pages 134-175, July.
    14. repec:rre:publsh:v:39:y:2009:i:2:p:149-69 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Dow, Wiiliam H & Godoey, Anna & Lowenstein, Christopher A & Reich, Michael, 2019. "Can Economic Policies Reduce Deaths of Despair? Working Paper #104-19," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt14f015df, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
    16. Sun, Nan & Yang, Fan, 2021. "Impacts of internal migration experience on health among middle-aged and older adults—Evidence from China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    17. James J. Feigenbaum & Christopher Muller & Elizabeth Wrigley-Field, 2019. "Regional and Racial Inequality in Infectious Disease Mortality in U.S. Cities, 1900–1948," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(4), pages 1371-1388, August.
    18. van den Berg, Gerard J. & Gerdtham, Ulf-G. & von Hinke, Stephanie & Lindeboom, Maarten & Lissdaniels, Johannes & Sundquist, Jan & Sundquist, Kristina, 2017. "Mortality and the business cycle: Evidence from individual and aggregated data," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 61-70.
    19. Spielman, Seth E. & Yoo, Eun-hye, 2009. "The spatial dimensions of neighborhood effects," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(6), pages 1098-1105, March.
    20. Wang, Huixia & Wang, Chenggang & Halliday, Timothy J., 2018. "Health and health inequality during the great recession: Evidence from the PSID," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 17-30.
    21. Fernández Guerrico, Sofía, 2021. "The effects of trade-induced worker displacement on health and mortality in Mexico," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:436-:d:203035. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.