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The Urban Heat Island in an Urban Context: A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran

Author

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  • Marzie Naserikia

    (Department of Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Nasr, Jalal AleAhmad, Tehran 14115-335, Iran)

  • Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

  • Mojtaba Rafieian

    (Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Nasr, Jalal AleAhmad, P.O.Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran)

  • Walter Leal Filho

    (Research and Transfer Centre “Sustainable development and Climate Change Management”, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany)

Abstract

In this study, the spatio-temporal changes of urban heat island (UHI) in a mega city located in a semi-arid region and the relationships with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) are appraised using Landsat TM/OLI images with the help of ENVI and ArcGIS software. The results reveal that the relationships between NDBI, NDVI and land surface temperature (LST) varied by year in the study area and they are not suitable indices to study the land surface temperature in arid and semi-arid regions. The study also highlights the importance of weather conditions when appraising the relationship of these indices with land surface temperature. Overall, it can be concluded that LST in arid and steppe regions is most influenced by barren soil. As a result, built-up areas surrounded by soil or bituminous asphalt experience higher land surface temperatures compared to densely built-up areas. Therefore, apart from setting-up more green areas, an effective way to reduce the intensity of UHI in these regions is to develop the use of cool and smart pavements. The experiences from this paper may be of use to cities, many of which are struggling to adapt to a changing climate.

Suggested Citation

  • Marzie Naserikia & Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi & Mojtaba Rafieian & Walter Leal Filho, 2019. "The Urban Heat Island in an Urban Context: A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:313-:d:200384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Santamouris, M., 2013. "Using cool pavements as a mitigation strategy to fight urban heat island—A review of the actual developments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 224-240.
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    Cited by:

    1. Taher Safarrad & Mostafa Ghadami & Andreas Dittmann, 2022. "Effects of COVID-19 Restriction Policies on Urban Heat Islands in Some European Cities: Berlin, London, Paris, Madrid, and Frankfurt," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Manuel José Delgado-Capel & Paloma Cariñanos & Marcos Escudero-Viñolo, 2023. "Capacity of Urban Green Infrastructure Spaces to Ameliorate Heat Wave Impacts in Mediterranean Compact Cities: Case Study of Granada (South-Eastern Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Haruna M. Moda & Walter Leal Filho & Aprajita Minhas, 2019. "Impacts of Climate Change on Outdoor Workers and Their Safety: Some Research Priorities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-21, September.
    4. Sashikanta Sahoo & Atin Majumder & Sabyasachi Swain & Gareema & Brijendra Pateriya & Nadhir Al-Ansari, 2022. "Analysis of Decadal Land Use Changes and Its Impacts on Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Remote Sensing-Based Approach: A Smart City Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Jaehyun Ha & Yeri Choi & Sugie Lee & Kyushik Oh, 2020. "Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in the Effect of Urban Environmental Factors on Air Temperature: A Consecutive Regression Analysis Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-21, January.
    6. Rong Huang & Mei Yang & Guohua Lin & Xiaoyan Ma & Xuan Wang & Qian Huang & Tian Zhang, 2022. "Cooling Effect of Green Space and Water on Urban Heat Island and the Perception of Residents: A Case Study of Xi’an City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-19, November.

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