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Study on the Remediation of Cd Pollution by the Biomineralization of Urease-Producing Bacteria

Author

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  • Xingqing Zhao

    (School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)

  • Min Wang

    (School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)

  • Hui Wang

    (School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)

  • Ding Tang

    (School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)

  • Jian Huang

    (School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)

  • Yu Sun

    (School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal that can affect human health and environmental safety. The purpose of this study was to research the removal of Cd from an environmental perspective. In this article, four highly urease-active strains (CZW-2, CZW-5, CZW-9 and CZW-12) were isolated from an abandoned mine and their phylogenetic trees were analyzed. The maximum enzyme activities, the mineralized precipitate and the removal rates of these strains were compared. The results showed that CZW-2 had the highest urease activity at 51.6 U/mL, and the removal rates of CZW-2, CZW-5, CZW-9 and CZW-12 after 120 h were 80.10%, 72.64%, 76.70% and 73.40%, with an initial concentration of Cd of 2 mM in the Cd precipitation experiments. XRD (X-ray diffractometer), EDS (Energy dispersive spectrometer) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis indicated that the mineralized precipitate was CdCO 3 . SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) analysis revealed that the diameter of the oval-shaped mineralized product ranked from 0.5 to 2 μm. These strains were used to remedy Cd-contaminated soil, and five different fractions of Cd were measured. Compared with the control, the results of spraying pre-cultured strains containing 2% urea to remove Cd from contaminated soils showed that the exchangeable fraction of Cd decreased by 53.30%, 27.78%, 42.54% and 53.80%, respectively, whereas the carbonate-bound fraction increased by 55.42%, 20.27%, 39.67% and 34.36%, respectively, after one month. These data show that these strains can effectively reduce the bioavailability and mobility of Cd in contaminated soils. The results indicate that biomineralization based on the decomposition of substrate urea can be applied to remedy heavy contaminated soil and water.

Suggested Citation

  • Xingqing Zhao & Min Wang & Hui Wang & Ding Tang & Jian Huang & Yu Sun, 2019. "Study on the Remediation of Cd Pollution by the Biomineralization of Urease-Producing Bacteria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:268-:d:198849
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuan Liu & Yujing Yang & Changxiao Li & Xilu Ni & Wenchao Ma & Hong Wei, 2018. "Assessing Soil Metal Levels in an Industrial Environment of Northwestern China and the Phytoremediation Potential of Its Native Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tiejun Wang & Xiaoyu Wang & Wei Tian & Lunguang Yao & Yadong Li & Zhaojin Chen & Hui Han, 2020. "Screening of Heavy Metal-Immobilizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Reducing Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ Concentrations in Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Wenhao Yang & Wenwen Luo & Tong Sun & Yingming Xu & Yuebing Sun, 2022. "Adsorption Performance of Cd(II) by Chitosan-Fe 3 O 4 -Modified Fish Bone Char," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Sheng Wang & Longyang Fang & Malcom Frimpong Dapaah & Qijian Niu & Liang Cheng, 2023. "Bio-Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil by Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)—A Critical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Zigang Li & Peng Wang & Xiaoyu Yue & Jingtao Wang & Baozeng Ren & Lingbo Qu & Hui Han, 2019. "Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis HC-2 Combined with Biochar on the Growth and Cd and Pb Accumulation of Radish in a Heavy Metal-Contaminated Farmland under Field Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, September.

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