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Relative Deprivation, Poverty, and Mortality in Japanese Older Adults: A Six-Year Follow-Up of the JAGES Cohort Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Masashige Saito

    (Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi 470-3295, Japan
    Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi 460-0012, Japan)

  • Naoki Kondo

    (Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

  • Takashi Oshio

    (Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan)

  • Takahiro Tabuchi

    (Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku 541-8567, Osaka, Japan)

  • Katsunori Kondo

    (Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi 460-0012, Japan
    Center for Preventive Medicines, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
    Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
    The institute of Japan Agency for Gerontological Evaluation Study, Tokyo 110-0001, Japan)

Abstract

Most studies have evaluated poverty in terms of income status, but this approach cannot capture the diverse and complex aspects of poverty. To develop commodity-based relative deprivation indicators and evaluate their associations with mortality, we conducted a 6-year follow-up of participants in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), a population-based cohort of Japanese adults aged 65 and older. We analyzed mortality for 7614 respondents from 2010 to 2016. Cox regression models with multiple imputation were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality. Seven indicators were significantly associated with mortality: no refrigerator, no air conditioner, cut-off of essential services in the past year for economic reasons, and so on. Among participants, 12.0% met one item, and 3.3% met two items or more. The HRs after adjusting for relative poverty and some confounders were 1.71 (95%CI: 1.18–2.48) for relative deprivation, and 1.87 (95%CI: 1.14–3.09) for a combination of relative poverty and deprivation. Relative deprivation was attributable to around 27,000 premature deaths (2.3%) annually for the older Japanese. Measurement of relative deprivation among older adults might be worthwhile in public health as an important factor to address for healthy aging.

Suggested Citation

  • Masashige Saito & Naoki Kondo & Takashi Oshio & Takahiro Tabuchi & Katsunori Kondo, 2019. "Relative Deprivation, Poverty, and Mortality in Japanese Older Adults: A Six-Year Follow-Up of the JAGES Cohort Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-9, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:182-:d:196380
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Masashige Saito & Katsunori Kondo & Naoki Kondo & Aya Abe & Toshiyuki Ojima & Kayo Suzuki & the JAGES group, 2014. "Relative Deprivation, Poverty, and Subjective Health: JAGES Cross-Sectional Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(10), pages 1-9, October.
    2. Brian Nolan & Christopher T. Whelan, 2010. "Using non-monetary deprivation indicators to analyze poverty and social exclusion: Lessons from Europe?," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 305-325.
    3. Sacker, Amanda & Bartley, Mel & Firth, David & Fitzpatrick, Ray, 2001. "Dimensions of social inequality in the health of women in England: occupational, material and behavioural pathways," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 763-781, March.
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