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Neurocognitive Mechanism of Human Resilience: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Review

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  • Zai-Fu Yao

    (Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory: Control, Aging, Sleep, & Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan)

  • Shulan Hsieh

    (Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory: Control, Aging, Sleep, & Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
    Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
    Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
    Department and Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan)

Abstract

Resilience is an innate human capacity that holds the key to uncovering why some people rebound after trauma and others never recover. Various theories have debated the mechanisms underlying resilience at the psychological level but have not yet incorporated neurocognitive concepts/findings. In this paper, we put forward the idea that cognitive flexibility moderates how well people adapt to adverse experiences, by shifting attention resources between cognition–emotion regulation and pain perception. We begin with a consensus on definitions and highlight the role of cognitive appraisals in mediating this process. Shared concepts among appraisal theories suggest that cognition–emotion, as well as pain perception, are cognitive mechanisms that underlie how people respond to adversity. Frontal brain circuitry sub-serves control of cognition and emotion, connecting the experience of physical pain. This suggests a substantial overlap between these phenomena. Empirical studies from brain imaging support this notion. We end with a discussion of how the role of the frontal brain network in regulating human resilience, including how the frontal brain network interacts with cognition–emotion–pain perception, can account for cognitive theories and why cognitive flexibilities’ role in these processes can create practical applications, analogous to the resilience process, for the recovery of neural plasticity.

Suggested Citation

  • Zai-Fu Yao & Shulan Hsieh, 2019. "Neurocognitive Mechanism of Human Resilience: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-21, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5123-:d:298197
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kay, Sophie A., 2016. "Emotion Regulation and Resilience: Overlooked Connections," Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 411-415, June.
    2. Tali Sharot & Alison M. Riccardi & Candace M. Raio & Elizabeth A. Phelps, 2007. "Neural mechanisms mediating optimism bias," Nature, Nature, vol. 450(7166), pages 102-105, November.
    3. Mohammed R. Milad & Gregory J. Quirk, 2002. "Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction," Nature, Nature, vol. 420(6911), pages 70-74, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rumaisa Abu Hasan & Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff & Tong Boon Tang & Yasir Hafeez & Mazlina Che Mustafa & Masayu Dzainudin & Juppri Bacotang & Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf & Syed Saad Azhar Ali, 2022. "Resilience-Building for Mental Health among Early Childhood Educators: A Systematic Review and Pilot-Study towards an EEG-VR Resilience Building Intervention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-29, April.
    2. Shulan Hsieh & Zai-Fu Yao & Meng-Heng Yang, 2021. "Multimodal Imaging Analysis Reveals Frontal-Associated Networks in Relation to Individual Resilience Strength," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Samuel Adjorlolo & Paul Adjorlolo & Johnny Andoh-Arthur & Emmanuel Kwadzo Ahiable & Irene Akwo Kretchy & Joseph Osafo, 2022. "Post-Traumatic Growth and Resilience among Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A Gendered Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-15, August.

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