IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i24p5091-d297635.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

Author

Listed:
  • Jiaxu Zhou

    (Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT), Hohhot 010051, China)

  • Xiaohu Jia

    (Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT), Hohhot 010051, China
    Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology and Research Center for Green Buildings, Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
    Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Building, Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China)

  • Guoqiang Xu

    (Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT), Hohhot 010051, China
    Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology and Research Center for Green Buildings, Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
    Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Building, Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China)

  • Junhan Jia

    (Beijing Aidi School, Beijing 100000, China)

  • Rihan Hai

    (Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT), Hohhot 010051, China)

  • Chongsen Gao

    (Architecture College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT), Hohhot 010051, China)

  • Shuo Zhang

    (UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett, University College London (UCL), London WC1H0NN, UK)

Abstract

Due to differences in cognitive ability and physiological development, the evacuation characteristics of children are different from those of adults. This study proposes a novel method of using wearable sensors to collect data (e.g., electrodermal activity, EDA; heart rate variability, HRV) on children’s physiological responses, and to continuously and quantitatively evaluate the effects of different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of children. In order to determine the optimum alarm for children, an on-site experiment was conducted in a kindergarten to collect physiological data for responses to different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of 42 children of different ages. The results showed that: (1) The alarm sounds led to changes in physiological indicators of children aged 3–6 years, and the effects of different types of alarm sounds on EDA and HRV activities were significantly different ( p < 0.05). Skin conductance (SC), skin conductance tonic (SCT) and skin conductance level (SCL) can be used as the main indicators for analysing EDA of children in this experiment ( p < 0.05), and the indicators of ultralow frequency (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) for HRV were not affected by the type of alarm sounds ( p > 0.05). (2) Unlike adults, kindergarten children were more susceptible to the warning siren. The combined voice and warning alarm had optimal effects in stimulating children to perceive risk. (3) For children aged 3–6 years, gender had a significant impact on children’s reception to evacuation sound signals ( p < 0.05): Girls are more sensitive than boys in receiving evacuation sound signals, similar to findings of studies of risk perception of adult males and females. In addition, the higher the age, the greater the sensitivity to evacuation sound signals, which accords with results of previous studies on the evacuation dynamics of children.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiaxu Zhou & Xiaohu Jia & Guoqiang Xu & Junhan Jia & Rihan Hai & Chongsen Gao & Shuo Zhang, 2019. "The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5091-:d:297635
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/24/5091/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/24/5091/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gianpaolo Di Bona & Alessandro Silvestri & Antonio Forcina & Antonella Petrillo, 2018. "Total efficient risk priority number (TERPN): a new method for risk assessment," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(11), pages 1384-1408, November.
    2. Urbina, Elba & Wolshon, Brian, 2003. "National review of hurricane evacuation plans and policies: a comparison and contrast of state practices," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 257-275, March.
    3. Jesper J. Alvarsson & Stefan Wiens & Mats E. Nilsson, 2010. "Stress Recovery during Exposure to Nature Sound and Environmental Noise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-11, March.
    4. Hao Chu & Jia Yu & Jiahong Wen & Min Yi & Yun Chen, 2019. "Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Management Optimization in Urban Residential Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-25, February.
    5. Mercede Erfanian & Andrew J. Mitchell & Jian Kang & Francesco Aletta, 2019. "The Psychophysiological Implications of Soundscape: A Systematic Review of Empirical Literature and a Research Agenda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-20, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xinyi Zou & Ying Zhou, 2023. "Spatial Cognition of the Visually Impaired: A Case Study in a Familiar Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Xiaohu Jia & Bo Zhang & Xiaoyu Gao & Jiaxu Zhou, 2021. "An Ergonomic Assessment of Different Postures and Children Risk during Evacuations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Tao Huang & Shihao Zhou & Xinyi Chen & Zhengsong Lin & Feng Gan, 2022. "Colour Preference and Healing in Digital Roaming Landscape: A Case Study of Mental Subhealth Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-19, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lars Even Egner & Stefan Sütterlin & Giovanna Calogiuri, 2020. "Proposing a Framework for the Restorative Effects of Nature through Conditioning: Conditioned Restoration Theory," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-18, September.
    2. James J. H. Liou & Perry C. Y. Liu & Huai-Wei Lo, 2020. "A Failure Mode Assessment Model Based on Neutrosophic Logic for Switched-Mode Power Supply Risk Analysis," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Eva D. Regnier, 2020. "What Is Six Hours Worth? The Impact of Lead Time on Tropical-Storm Preparation Decisions," Decision Analysis, INFORMS, vol. 17(1), pages 9-23, March.
    4. Amber L. Pearson & Victoria Breeze & Aaron Reuben & Gwen Wyatt, 2021. "Increased Use of Porch or Backyard Nature during COVID-19 Associated with Lower Stress and Better Symptom Experience among Breast Cancer Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Baoqing Song & Chenyu Gong & Yicheng Gao & Yue Ke & Zehua Wang & Ruichong Lin & Yunji Cai, 2022. "Music Literacy and Soundscape Perception: A Study Based on the Soundwalk Method of Soundscapes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    6. Aggelos Tsaligopoulos & Stella Kyvelou & Nefta-Eleftheria Votsi & Aimilia Karapostoli & Chris Economou & Yiannis G. Matsinos, 2021. "Revisiting the Concept of Quietness in the Urban Environment—Towards Ecosystems’ Health and Human Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-19, March.
    7. Kurt Beil & Douglas Hanes, 2013. "The Influence of Urban Natural and Built Environments on Physiological and Psychological Measures of Stress— A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Eva Sahlin & Gunnar Ahlborg & Josefa Vega Matuszczyk & Patrik Grahn, 2014. "Nature-Based Stress Management Course for Individuals at Risk of Adverse Health Effects from Work-Related Stress—Effects on Stress Related Symptoms, Workability and Sick Leave," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-26, June.
    9. Ștefan Ionescu & Ionuț Nica & Nora Chiriță, 2021. "Cybernetics Approach Using Agent-Based Modeling in the Process of Evacuating Educational Institutions in Case of Disasters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-29, September.
    10. Muhammet Gul & Muhammet Fatih Ak, 2022. "Occupational Risk Assessment for Flight Schools: A 3,4-Quasirung Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making-Based Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-22, July.
    11. Wenkai Huang & Feng Zhan, 2023. "A Novel Probabilistic Diffusion Model Based on the Weak Selection Mimicry Theory for the Generation of Hypnotic Songs," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-26, July.
    12. Giovanni Brambilla & Veronica Gallo & Giovanni Zambon, 2013. "The Soundscape Quality in Some Urban Parks in Milan, Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-22, June.
    13. Shi An & Ze Wang & Jianxun Cui, 2015. "Integrating Regret Psychology to Travel Mode Choice for a Transit-Oriented Evacuation Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-16, June.
    14. Daniel Mendoza-Castejón & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2020. "Psychophysiological Stress Markers and Behavioural Differences between Rural and City Primary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-12, May.
    15. Lee D. Han & Fang Yuan & Shih-Miao Chin & Holing Hwang, 2006. "Global Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Assignments," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 36(6), pages 502-513, December.
    16. Yanyan Niu & Jia Yu & Dawei Lu & Renwu Mu & Jiahong Wen, 2022. "Spatial Allocation Method of Evacuation Guiders in Urban Open Public Spaces: A Case Study of Binjiang Green Space in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-25, September.
    17. Martin Folch-Calvo & Francisco Brocal-Fernández & Cristina González-Gaya & Miguel A. Sebastián, 2020. "Analysis and Characterization of Risk Methodologies Applied to Industrial Parks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-35, September.
    18. Trudeau, Christopher & King, Nicholas & Guastavino, Catherine, 2023. "Investigating sonic injustice: A review of published research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    19. Zhengfeng Huang & Pengjun Zheng & Gang Ren & Yang Cheng & Bin Ran, 2016. "Simultaneous optimization of evacuation route and departure time based on link-congestion mitigation," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(1), pages 575-599, August.
    20. Tomoki Tanaka & Yuki Matsuda & Manato Fujimoto & Hirohiko Suwa & Keiichi Yasumoto, 2021. "Evacuation Shelter Decision Method Considering Non-Cooperative Evacuee Behavior to Support the Disaster Weak," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5091-:d:297635. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.