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Long-Term PTSD Risks in Emergency Medical Technicians Who Responded to the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake: A Six-Month Observational Follow-Up Study

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  • Yin Ying Hsiao

    (Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
    Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • Wei Hung Chang

    (Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
    Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • I Chun Ma

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan)

  • Chen-Long Wu

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan)

  • Po See Chen

    (Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
    Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • Yen Kuang Yang

    (Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
    Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • Chih-Hao Lin

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan)

Abstract

Although several factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in disaster rescue workers were identified in previous studies, the results were inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the prognostic factors of PTSD among disaster rescuers using different screening tools. A 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck southern Taiwan on February 6, 2016. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who responded to the earthquake were recruited. The initial survey was conducted one month after the earthquake using a standardized, self-reported, paper-based questionnaire. After six months, we re-evaluated the EMTs using the same questionnaire that was used in the baseline survey. A total of 38 EMT-paramedics were enrolled in the final analysis. Significant differences in PTSD scores at baseline existed between EMTs with and without certain risk factors. The interaction between survey time and risk factors was not significant, but several risk factors correlated with a nonsignificant improvement in the PTSD score after the 6-month follow-up. Perfectionism personality characteristics and several specific field experiences (managing injured patients, managing dead victims, managing dead victims who were pregnant, managing emotionally distraught families, or guilty feelings during the missions) might affect different subdomains of PTSD symptom improvement. Disaster rescuers should be followed up after their missions, regardless of their age, gender, or previous experience with disaster response. EMTs with certain personality characteristics or who are involved in specific field operations should be carefully monitored during and after disaster rescue missions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yin Ying Hsiao & Wei Hung Chang & I Chun Ma & Chen-Long Wu & Po See Chen & Yen Kuang Yang & Chih-Hao Lin, 2019. "Long-Term PTSD Risks in Emergency Medical Technicians Who Responded to the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake: A Six-Month Observational Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:4983-:d:295352
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bian Liu & Lukman H Tarigan & Evelyn J Bromet & Hyun Kim, 2014. "World Trade Center Disaster Exposure-Related Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Responders and Civilians: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(7), pages 1-10, July.
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    1. Bastien Alberque & Catherine Laporte & Laurie Mondillon & Julien S. Baker & Martial Mermillod & George Brousse & Ukadike Chris Ugbolube & Reza Bagheri & Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois & Frédéric Duthei, 2022. "Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Healthcare Workers following the First SARS-CoV Epidemic of 2003: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-21, October.

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