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Outdoor Endurance Training with Air Pollutant Exposure Versus Sedentary Lifestyle: A Comparison of Airway Immune Responses

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  • Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

  • Roberta Foster

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
    Method Faculty of Sao Paulo (FAMESP), Av. Jabaquara, 1314, Sao Paulo SP 04046-200, Brazil)

  • Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere

    (Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49 box 811, 3000 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Marcelo Rossi

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

  • Luiz Antonio Luna Junior

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

  • Catherine Machado Katekaru

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

  • Matheus Cavalcante de Sá

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

  • Lucas Guimarães Pagani

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

  • Francine Maria de Almeida

    (Medicine School, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455—Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP CEP 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Jônatas do Bussador Amaral

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

  • Rodolfo de Paula Vieira

    (Post-graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Av. Ana Costa, 95—Vila Mathias, Santos SP CEP 11060-001, Brazil
    Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos SP CEP 12245-520, Brazil
    Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584—Itaquera, São Paulo SP CEP 08230-030, Brazil
    School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, R. Jaceru, 247, São José dos Campos SP CEP 04705-000, Brazil)

  • Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
    Method Faculty of Sao Paulo (FAMESP), Av. Jabaquara, 1314, Sao Paulo SP 04046-200, Brazil
    Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos SP CEP 12245-520, Brazil
    Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584—Itaquera, São Paulo SP CEP 08230-030, Brazil)

  • Dominique Magdalena A Bullens

    (Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49 box 811, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Clinical Division of Pediatrics, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Mauro Vaisberg

    (ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil)

Abstract

Although regular exercise-training improves immune/inflammatory status, the influence of air pollutants exposure during outdoor endurance training compared to a sedentary lifestyle has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to compare the immune/inflammatory responses in the airways of street runners and sedentary people after acute and chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure. Forty volunteers (street runners (RUN, n = 20); sedentary people (SED, n = 20)) were evaluated 1 (acute) and 10 (chronic) weeks after PM exposure. Cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A] in nasal lavage fluid, salivary antibacterial peptides (lactoferrin (LTF), cathelicidin (LL-37), defensin-α 1–3), and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), plasma club cell protein (CC16), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were analyzed. After acute exposure, the RUN group showed lower levels of IL-13, IL-10, and FeNO, but higher defensin-α than the SED group. After chronic exposure, the RUN group showed elevation of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, and a decrease of FeNO levels, whereas the SED group showed elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and a decrease of IL-13 levels. Comparing these groups, the RUN group showed higher levels of SIgA and LTF, and lower FeNO levels than the SED group. In relation to the Th immune response analysis after acute and chronic PM exposure, the RUN group showed a pattern associated with Th1, while in the SED group, a Th2 pattern was found. Both groups showed also a Th17 immune response pattern. Our results allow us to suggest that the immune/inflammatory status of the respiratory tract after acute and chronic PM exposure was improved by the long-standing regular practice of outdoor endurance exercise compared to a sedentary lifestyle.

Suggested Citation

  • Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos & Roberta Foster & Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere & Marcelo Rossi & Luiz Antonio Luna Junior & Catherine Machado Katekaru & Matheus Cavalcante de Sá & Lucas Guimarães Pag, 2019. "Outdoor Endurance Training with Air Pollutant Exposure Versus Sedentary Lifestyle: A Comparison of Airway Immune Responses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4418-:d:286120
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jennifer D Roberts & Jameson D Voss & Brandon Knight, 2014. "The Association of Ambient Air Pollution and Physical Inactivity in the United States," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos & André Luis Lacerda Bachi & Luiz Antonio Luna Junior & Roberta Foster & Ana Paula Renno Sierra & Marino Benetti & José Roberto Araújo & Nabil Ghorayeb & Maria Augus, 2020. "The Relationship of IL-8 and IL-10 Myokines and Performance in Male Marathon Runners Presenting Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.

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