IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i21p4283-d283462.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of Brain Breaks on Physical Activity Behaviour among Primary School Children: A Transtheoretical Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Hussein Rizal

    (Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia)

  • Mawar Siti Hajar

    (Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia)

  • Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad

    (Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia)

  • Yee Cheng Kueh

    (Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia)

  • Garry Kuan

    (Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
    Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK)

Abstract

Brain Breaks Physical Activity Solutions (BBPAS) is a web-based structured physical activity (PA) video that is specifically designed for school settings and can stimulate a student’s health and learning. The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of BBPAS on the stages of change, decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy and leisure-time exercise among Malay ethnic primary school children. A validated Malay version of three of the five constructs was derived with sound validity and was used in the present study. A total of 159 male and 163 female children aged 10 to 11 years old, mean (SD) = 10.53 (0.50), were recruited from two schools in Kelantan, Malaysia. Purposive sampling was used to divide the children into intervention ( n = 177) and control ( n = 145) groups. Children in the intervention group underwent BBPAS activity for an accumulated 30 min per week, while children in the control group were not involved in the BBPAS intervention. Mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the effect of BBPAS on the study variables. A mixed ANOVA showed significant changes (time effect) on cognitive process, F (1, 320) = 5.768, p -value = 0.017; behavioural process, F (1, 313) = 5.736, p -value = 0.017; and internal feeling, F (1, 312) = 6.050, p -value = 0.014. There was also a significant difference between groups on cons, F (1, 316) = 7.504, p -value = 0.007. A significant interaction effect was observed for stages of change, F (1, 319) = 7.861, p -value = 0.005; pros, F (1, 316) = 31.311, p -value = 0.001; internal feeling, F (1, 312) = 4.692, p -value = 0.031; and behavioural process, F (1, 313) = 7.312, p -value = 0.007. In conclusion, BBPAS was successful in improving four of the five constructs, and thus, should be recommended to be used in schools throughout Malaysia.

Suggested Citation

  • Hussein Rizal & Mawar Siti Hajar & Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad & Yee Cheng Kueh & Garry Kuan, 2019. "The Effect of Brain Breaks on Physical Activity Behaviour among Primary School Children: A Transtheoretical Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-13, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4283-:d:283462
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/21/4283/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/21/4283/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mawar Siti Hajar & Hussein Rizal & Yee Cheng Kueh & Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad & Garry Kuan, 2019. "The Effects of Brain Breaks on Motives of Participation in Physical Activity among Primary School Children in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Biljana Popeska & Snezana Jovanova-Mitkovska & Ming-Kai Chin & Christopher R. Edginton & Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Serjoza Gontarev, 2018. "Implementation of Brain Breaks ® in the Classroom and Effects on Attitudes toward Physical Activity in a Macedonian School Setting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Agata Glapa & Joanna Grzesiak & Ida Laudanska-Krzeminska & Ming-Kai Chin & Christopher R. Edginton & Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Michal Bronikowski, 2018. "The Impact of Brain Breaks Classroom-Based Physical Activities on Attitudes toward Physical Activity in Polish School Children in Third to Fifth Grade," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-11, February.
    4. Nina H. M. Bartelink & Patricia Van Assema & Maria W. J. Jansen & Hans H. C. M. Savelberg & Maartje Willeboordse & Stef P. J. Kremers, 2018. "The Healthy Primary School of the Future: A Contextual Action-Oriented Research Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-12, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aizuddin Hidrus & Yee Cheng Kueh & Bachok Norsa’adah & Yu-Kai Chang & Garry Kuan, 2021. "Effects of Brain Breaks Video Intervention of Decisional Balance among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Ke Zhou & Sensen He & Yanli Zhou & Biljana Popeska & Garry Kuan & Li Chen & Ming-Kai Chin & Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Christopher R. Edginton & Ian Culpan & J. Larry Durstine, 2021. "Implementation of Brain Breaks ® in the Classroom and Its Effects on Attitudes towards Physical Activity in a Chinese School Setting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Aizuddin Hidrus & Yee Cheng Kueh & Bachok Norsa’adah & Garry Kuan, 2020. "Malay Version of Exercise Self-Efficacy: A Confirmatory Analysis among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, February.
    4. Aizuddin Hidrus & Yee Cheng Kueh & Bachok Norsaádah & Yu-Kai Chang & Tsung-Min Hung & Nyi Nyi Naing & Garry Kuan, 2020. "Effects of Brain Breaks Videos on the Motives for the Physical Activity of Malaysians with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Yi-Shin Lee & Michael Chia & John Komar, 2022. "A Systematic Review of Physical Activity Intervention Programs in ASEAN Countries: Efficacy and Future Directions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-25, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ke Zhou & Sensen He & Yanli Zhou & Biljana Popeska & Garry Kuan & Li Chen & Ming-Kai Chin & Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Christopher R. Edginton & Ian Culpan & J. Larry Durstine, 2021. "Implementation of Brain Breaks ® in the Classroom and Its Effects on Attitudes towards Physical Activity in a Chinese School Setting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Ming-Kai Chin & Agata Korcz & Biljana Popeska & Christopher R. Edginton & Fatma Sacli Uzunoz & Hrvoje Podnar & Dané Coetzee & Luminita Georgescu & Arunas Emeljanovas & Milan P, 2020. "Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Solutions in the Classroom and on Attitudes toward Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial among Primary Students from Eight Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Aizuddin Hidrus & Yee Cheng Kueh & Bachok Norsa’adah & Yu-Kai Chang & Garry Kuan, 2021. "Effects of Brain Breaks Video Intervention of Decisional Balance among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Yanli Zhou & Sensen He & Ke Zhou & Garry Kuan & Ming-Kai Chin & Yee Cheng Kueh & Abdulwali Sabo & Biljana Popeska & J. Larry Durstine, 2021. "Psychometric Properties of the Chinese-Language Attitude toward Physical Activity Scale: A Confirmatory Study on Chinese Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-9, September.
    5. Mawar Siti Hajar & Hussein Rizal & Yee Cheng Kueh & Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad & Garry Kuan, 2019. "The Effects of Brain Breaks on Motives of Participation in Physical Activity among Primary School Children in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-11, July.
    6. D. L. I. H. K. Peiris & Yanping Duan & Corneel Vandelanotte & Wei Liang & Min Yang & Julien Steven Baker, 2022. "Effects of In-Classroom Physical Activity Breaks on Children’s Academic Performance, Cognition, Health Behaviours and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Tr," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-27, August.
    7. Cyrine H’mida & Olivier Degrenne & Nafaa Souissi & Ghazi Rekik & Khaled Trabelsi & Mohamed Jarraya & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi & Aïmen Khacharem, 2020. "Learning a Motor Skill from Video and Static Pictures in Physical Education Students—Effects on Technical Performances, Motivation and Cognitive Load," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-14, December.
    8. Aizuddin Hidrus & Yee Cheng Kueh & Bachok Norsaádah & Yu-Kai Chang & Tsung-Min Hung & Nyi Nyi Naing & Garry Kuan, 2020. "Effects of Brain Breaks Videos on the Motives for the Physical Activity of Malaysians with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Riki Tesler & Pnina Plaut & Ronit Endvelt, 2018. "The Effects of an Urban Forest Health Intervention Program on Physical Activity, Substance Abuse, Psychosomatic Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-12, September.
    10. Roohi Kharofa & Robert Siegel & Kristin Stackpole, 2019. "What to Do about Childhood Obesity?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-4, October.
    11. Mikel Vaquero-Solís & Damián Iglesias Gallego & Miguel Ángel Tapia-Serrano & Juan J. Pulido & Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel, 2020. "School-based Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-31, February.
    12. Marion D. Driessen-Willems & Nina H. M. Bartelink & Kathelijne M. H. H. Bessems & Stef P. J. Kremers & Conny Kintzen & Patricia van Assema, 2021. "Co-Creation Approach with Action-Oriented Research Methods to Strengthen “Krachtvoer”; A School-Based Programme to Enhance Healthy Nutrition in Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4283-:d:283462. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.