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A Combination of Factors Related to Smoking Behavior, Attractive Product Characteristics, and Socio-Cognitive Factors are Important to Distinguish a Dual User from an Exclusive E-Cigarette User

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  • Kim A.G.J. Romijnders

    (Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan, 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, POB 616 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • Jeroen L.A. Pennings

    (Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan, 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Liesbeth van Osch

    (Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, POB 616 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • Hein de Vries

    (Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, POB 616 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • Reinskje Talhout

    (Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan, 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Although total cessation of nicotine and tobacco products would be most beneficial to improve public health, exclusive e-cigarette use has potential health benefits for smokers compared to cigarette smoking. This study investigated differences between dual users and exclusive e-cigarette users provide information to optimize health communication about smoking and vaping. A cross-sectional survey (n = 116) among 80 current, adult dual users and 36 current, adult-exclusive e-cigarette users was conducted in the Netherlands. The questionnaire assessed four clusters of factors: (1) Past and current smoking and vaping behavior, (2) product characteristics used, (3) attractiveness and reasons related to cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and (4) socio-cognitive factors regarding smoking, vaping, and not smoking or vaping. We used random forest—a machine learning algorithm—to identify distinguishing features between dual users and e-cigarette users. We are able to discern a dual user from an exclusive e-cigarette user with 86.2% accuracy based on seven factors: Social ties with other smokers, quantity of tobacco cigarettes smoked in the past (e-cigarette users) or currently (dual users), self-efficacy to not vape and smoke, unattractiveness of cigarettes, attitude towards e-cigarettes, barriers: accessibility of e-cigarettes, and intention to quit vaping (A). This combination of features provides information on how to improve health communication about smoking and vaping.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim A.G.J. Romijnders & Jeroen L.A. Pennings & Liesbeth van Osch & Hein de Vries & Reinskje Talhout, 2019. "A Combination of Factors Related to Smoking Behavior, Attractive Product Characteristics, and Socio-Cognitive Factors are Important to Distinguish a Dual User from an Exclusive E-Cigarette User," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4191-:d:281552
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karolien Adriaens & Dinska Van Gucht & Frank Baeyens, 2017. "Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Wouter F. Visser & Walther N. Klerx & Hans W. J. M. Cremers & Ramon Ramlal & Paul L. Schwillens & Reinskje Talhout, 2019. "The Health Risks of Electronic Cigarette Use to Bystanders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, April.
    3. Kim A. G. J. Romijnders & Liesbeth Van Osch & Hein De Vries & Reinskje Talhout, 2018. "Perceptions and Reasons Regarding E-Cigarette Use among Users and Non-Users: A Narrative Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wei Fang & Ying Liu & Chun Xu & Xingguang Luo & Kesheng Wang, 2024. "Feature Selection and Machine Learning Approaches in Prediction of Current E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults in 2022," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Kim AGJ Romijnders & Erna JZ Krüsemann & Sanne Boesveldt & Kees de Graaf & Hein de Vries & Reinskje Talhout, 2019. "E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-15, November.

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