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Measuring Health Vulnerability: An Interdisciplinary Indicator Applied to Mainland Portugal

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  • Gisela M. Oliveira

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Diogo Guedes Vidal

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Maria Pia Ferraz

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    Health Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal)

  • José Manuel Cabeda

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    Health Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal)

  • Manuela Pontes

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Rui Leandro Maia

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • José Manuel Calheiros

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    Health Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal)

  • Esmeralda Barreira

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    Health Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
    Lung Clinic—Portuguese Oncology Institute Francisco Gentil, EPE (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

Health promotion and inequality reduction are specific goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, which are interconnected with several dimensions of life. This work proposes a composite index SEHVI —socioeconomic health vulnerability index—to address Portuguese population socioeconomic determinants that affect health outcomes. Variables composing SEHVI are aligned with the sustainable development goals considering data and times series availability to enable progress monitoring, and variables adequacy to translate populations’ life conditions affecting health outcomes. Data for 35 variables and three periods were collected from official national databases. All variables are part of one of the groups: Health determinants (social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors) and health outcomes (mortality indicators). Variables were standardized and normalized by “Distance to a reference” method and then aggregated into the SEHVI formula. Several statistical procedures for validation of SEHVI revealed the internal consistency of the index. For all municipalities, SEHVI was calculated and cartographically represented. Results were analyzed by statistical tests and compared for three years and territory typologies. SEHVI differences were found as a function of population density, suggesting inequalities of communities’ life conditions and in vulnerability to health.

Suggested Citation

  • Gisela M. Oliveira & Diogo Guedes Vidal & Maria Pia Ferraz & José Manuel Cabeda & Manuela Pontes & Rui Leandro Maia & José Manuel Calheiros & Esmeralda Barreira, 2019. "Measuring Health Vulnerability: An Interdisciplinary Indicator Applied to Mainland Portugal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4121-:d:280448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michela Nardo & Michaela Saisana & Andrea Saltelli & Stefano Tarantola & Anders Hoffman & Enrico Giovannini, 2005. "Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide," OECD Statistics Working Papers 2005/3, OECD Publishing.
    2. Dandan Zhang & Xin Li & Jinjun Xue, 2015. "Education Inequality between Rural and Urban Areas of the People's Republic of China, Migrants’ Children Education, and Some Implications," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 32(1), pages 196-224, March.
    3. Yang, Xuechun & Wang, Yutao & Sun, Mingxing & Wang, Renqing & Zheng, Peiming, 2018. "Exploring the environmental pressures in urban sectors: An energy-water-carbon nexus perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2298-2307.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lina Volodzkiene & Dalia Streimikiene, 2023. "Energy Inequality Indicators: A Comprehensive Review for Exploring Ways to Reduce Inequality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-28, August.
    2. Marta Salgado & Ana C. L. Vieira & Anália Torres & Mónica D. Oliveira, 2020. "Selecting Indicators to Monitor and Assess Environmental Health in a Portuguese Urban Setting: A Participatory Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-16, November.

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