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Levels of Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Osteoporosis and the Associations with Bone Mineral Density among Populations More Than 40 Years Old in Malaysia

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  • Chin Yi Chan

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Shaanthana Subramaniam

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Kok-Yong Chin

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Norliza Muhammad

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Ahmad Fairus

    (Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Pei Yuen Ng

    (Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Nor Aini Jamil

    (Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Noorazah Abd Aziz

    (Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Norazlina Mohamed

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder commonly found among the elderly, in which the bones become weak, brittle, and more susceptible to fracture. Adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards the disease and osteoprotective activities may prevent osteoporosis, but comprehensive studies to verify this hypothesis are limited in Malaysia. This study aims to bridge the research gap by determining the levels of knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding osteoporosis and their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) among men and women ≥ 40 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In this cross-sectional study, 786 Malaysians (382 men, 404 women) completed a questionnaire on knowledge, beliefs, and osteoprotective practices, and underwent BMD scan using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. The current study found moderate levels of knowledge and beliefs regarding osteoporosis but poor osteoprotective practices. Osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs, and practices were significantly different based on subjects’ demographic characteristics ( p < 0.05). Osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs were correlated significantly with osteoprotective practices ( p < 0.05). Bone health status of the subjects was associated positively with calcium supplement intake, and negatively with exercise barriers and smoking status of the subjects ( p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was noted between osteoporosis knowledge and bone health ( p > 0.05). Conclusively, despite some correlations between individual components, the detachment between bone health knowledge and beliefs, and osteoprotective practices among Malaysians is apparent. Integrating all three components into a comprehensive osteoporosis prevention program is warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Kok-Yong Chin & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Pei Yuen Ng & Nor Aini Jamil & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Norazlina Mohamed, 2019. "Levels of Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Osteoporosis and the Associations with Bone Mineral Density among Populations More Than 40 Years Old in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4115-:d:280315
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward McAuley & James F. Konopack & Katherine S. Morris & Robert W. Motl & Liang Hu & Shawna E. Doerksen & Karl Rosengren, 2006. "Physical Activity and Functional Limitations in Older Women: Influence of Self-Efficacy," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 61(5), pages 270-277.
    2. Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Kok-Yong Chin & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Abdul Manap Mohd Rizal & Pei Yuan Ng & Jamil Nor Aini & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Norazlina , 2019. "Knowledge, Beliefs, Dietary, and Lifestyle Practices Related to Bone Health among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese in Klang Valley, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Tam Cai Lian & Gregory Bonn & Yeoh Si Han & Yap Chin Choo & Wong Chee Piau, 2016. "Physical Activity and Its Correlates among Adults in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Li Shean Toh & Pauline Siew Mei Lai & David Bin-Chia Wu & Kok Thong Wong & Bee Yean Low & Claire Anderson, 2015. "The Development and Validation of the Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenjing Wang & Yixin Liu & Ling Zhang & Li Ran & Siyuan Xiong & Xiaodong Tan, 2021. "Associations between Indoor Environmental Quality and Infectious Diseases Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices of Hotel Workers in Wuhan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Kok-Yong Chin & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Pei Yuen Ng & Jamil Nor Aini & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Norazlina Mohamed, 2022. "Effect of a Screening and Education Programme on Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Osteoporosis among Malaysians," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Shaanthana Subramaniam & Chin-Yi Chan & Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman & Norazlina Mohamed & Norliza Muhammad & Fairus Ahmad & Pei-Yuen Ng & Nor Aini Jamil & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Kok-Yong Chin, 2020. "Development of Osteoporosis Screening Algorithm for Population Aged 50 Years and above in Klang Valley, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, April.
    4. Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Norazlina Mohamed & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Pei Yuen Ng & Nor Aini Jamil & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Kok-Yong Chin, 2020. "Determinants of Bone Health Status in a Multi-Ethnic Population in Klang Valley, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Offer E. Edelstein & Netta Achdut & Iris Vered & Orly Sarid, 2020. "Determinants of Bone Mineral Screening Behavior among Three Ethno-Cultural Groups of Women in Israel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.

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