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Remarkable Reduction of Cocaine Use in Dual Disorder (Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder/Cocaine Use Disorder) Patients Treated with Medications for ADHD

Author

Listed:
  • Corrado Manni

    (School of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Giada Cipollone

    (School of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Alessandro Pallucchini

    (School of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Angelo G. I. Maremmani

    (Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Region NHS Local Health Unit, Versilia Zone, 55049 Viareggio, Italy
    Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy
    G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Giulio Perugi

    (Second Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Icro Maremmani

    (Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy
    G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy
    Vincent P. Dole Dual Disorder Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

Background : Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a growing public health concern, but so far no effective pharmacotherapies have been demonstrated. Stimulant medications have proved to be promising in CUD treatment. The self-medication hypothesis (SMH) can help to explain this phenomenon better, especially in cases where CUD co-occurs with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (A-ADHD). Methods : In the present retrospective study, a sample of 20 consecutive patients (aged from 18 to 65 years) with dual disorder (A-ADHD/CUD), under treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) or atomoxetine (ATM) medications, was followed to study the effects of A-ADHD treatment on cocaine use. Patients were followed for a mean period of 7 months (minimum 1, maximum 30 months). All individuals were assessed with standardized questionnaires to evaluate diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and clinical improvement. Results : the results showed that behaviors reflecting cocaine addiction were sharply reduced during the stimulant treatment of A-ADHD, and were not correlated with age, gender, familiarity, length of treatment, or medication used. CUD improvement was closely correlated with the A-ADHD improvement. This study supports the validity of the SMH in ADHD patients with co-occurring CUD.

Suggested Citation

  • Corrado Manni & Giada Cipollone & Alessandro Pallucchini & Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Giulio Perugi & Icro Maremmani, 2019. "Remarkable Reduction of Cocaine Use in Dual Disorder (Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder/Cocaine Use Disorder) Patients Treated with Medications for ADHD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3911-:d:276609
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edwin F. Liang & Samuel Z. Lim & Wilson W. Tam & Cyrus S. Ho & Melvyn W. Zhang & Roger S. McIntyre & Roger C. Ho, 2018. "The Effect of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine on Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure in Young People and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Systematic Review, Meta-Analysi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, August.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Pasqualina Rocco & Filippo Della Rocca & Giulio Perugi & Mario Miccoli & Icro Maremmani, 2021. "Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms Seem Not to Influence the Outcome of an Enhanced Agonist Opioid Treatment: A 30-Year Follow-Up," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Vincenza Spera & Alessandro Pallucchini & Marco Maiello & Marco Carli & Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Giulio Perugi & Icro Maremmani, 2020. "Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-11, May.

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