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Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms Seem Not to Influence the Outcome of an Enhanced Agonist Opioid Treatment: A 30-Year Follow-Up

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  • Angelo G. I. Maremmani

    (North-Western Tuscany Local Health Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Tuscany NHS, Versilia Zone, 55049 Viareggio, Italy
    Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy
    PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Pasqualina Rocco

    (Drug Addiction Unit, 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Italy)

  • Filippo Della Rocca

    (School of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Giulio Perugi

    (VP Dole Dual Disorder Research Group, 2nd Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Mario Miccoli

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Icro Maremmani

    (Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy
    Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences—UniCamillus, 00131 Rome, Italy
    G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioural Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

The role of opioids and opioid medications in ADHD symptoms is still largely understudied. We tested the hypothesis that, in Heroin Use Disorder (HUD), when patients are treated with Agonist Opioid medications (AOT), treatment outcome is associated with the presence of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (A-ADHD) symptomatology. A retrospective cohort study of 130 HUD patients in Castelfranco Veneto, Italy, covering 30 years, was divided into two groups according to the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) score and compared them using demographic, clinical and pharmacological factors. Survival in treatment was studied by utilizing the available data for leaving treatment and relapsing into addictive behavior and for mortality during treatment as poor primary outcomes. Thirty-five HUD subjects (26.9%) were unlikely to have A-ADHD symptomatology, and 95 (73.1%) were likely to have it. Only current age and co-substance use at treatment entry differed significantly between groups. Censored patients were 29 (82.9%) for HUD patients and 70 (73.9%) for A-ADHD/HUD patients (Mantel-Cox test = 0.66 p = 0.415). There were no significant linear trends indicative of a poorer outcome with the presence of A-ADHD after adjustment for demographic, clinical and pharmacological factors. Conclusions: ADHD symptomatology does not seem to exert any influence on the retention in AOT of HUD patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Pasqualina Rocco & Filippo Della Rocca & Giulio Perugi & Mario Miccoli & Icro Maremmani, 2021. "Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms Seem Not to Influence the Outcome of an Enhanced Agonist Opioid Treatment: A 30-Year Follow-Up," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10997-:d:660047
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vincenza Spera & Alessandro Pallucchini & Marco Maiello & Marco Carli & Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Giulio Perugi & Icro Maremmani, 2020. "Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-11, May.
    2. Corrado Manni & Giada Cipollone & Alessandro Pallucchini & Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Giulio Perugi & Icro Maremmani, 2019. "Remarkable Reduction of Cocaine Use in Dual Disorder (Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder/Cocaine Use Disorder) Patients Treated with Medications for ADHD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-12, October.
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