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Association between Ambient Particulate Matter 2.5 Exposure and Mortality in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author

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  • Chern-Horng Lee

    (Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan)

  • Sen-Yung Hsieh

    (Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
    College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Hung Huang

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan)

  • I-Kuan Wang

    (Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan)

  • Tzung-Hai Yen

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan)

Abstract

Air pollution is a severe public health problem in Taiwan. Moreover, Taiwan is an endemic area for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study examined the effect of particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) exposure on mortality in this population. A total of 1003 patients with HCC treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2000 and 2009 were included in this study. At the end of the analysis, 288 (28.7%) patients had died. Patients with HCC living in environments with PM 2.5 concentrations of ≥36 µg/m 3 had a higher mortality rate than patients living in environments with PM 2.5 concentrations of <36 µg/m 3 (36.8% versus 27.5%, p = 0.034). The multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that PM 2.5 ≥ 36 µg/m 3 was a significant risk factor for mortality (1.584 (1.162–2.160), p = 0.004). A nonlinear relationship was observed between the odds ratio and PM 2.5 . The odds ratio was 1.137 (1.015–1.264) for each increment of 5 µg/m 3 in PM 2.5 or 1.292 (1.030–1.598) for each increment of 10 µg/m 3 in PM 2.5 . Therefore, patients with HCC exposed to ambient PM 2.5 concentrations of ≥36 µg/m 3 had a 1.584-fold higher risk of death than those exposed to PM 2.5 concentrations of <36 µg/m 3 . Further studies are warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Chern-Horng Lee & Sen-Yung Hsieh & Wen-Hung Huang & I-Kuan Wang & Tzung-Hai Yen, 2019. "Association between Ambient Particulate Matter 2.5 Exposure and Mortality in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2490-:d:247911
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alberto Mantovani & Paola Allavena & Antonio Sica & Frances Balkwill, 2008. "Cancer-related inflammation," Nature, Nature, vol. 454(7203), pages 436-444, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jing Sui & Hui Xia & Qun Zhao & Guiju Sun & Yinyin Cai, 2022. "Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and the Risk of Chronic Liver Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.

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