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Value Assessment of Health Losses Caused by PM 2.5 in Changsha City, China

Author

Listed:
  • Guanghui Yu

    (The School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Feifan Wang

    (The School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Jing Hu

    (The School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Yan Liao

    (South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China)

  • Xianzhao Liu

    (The School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

Abstract

With the advancement of urbanization, the harm caused to human health by PM 2.5 pollution has been receiving increasing attention worldwide. In order to increase public awareness and understanding of the damage caused by PM 2.5 in the air and gain the attention of relevant management departments, Changsha City is used as the research object, and the environmental quality data and public health data of Changsha City from 2013 to 2017 are used. All-cause death, respiratory death, cardiovascular death, chronic bronchitis, and asthma were selected as the endpoints of PM 2.5 pollution health effects, according to an exposure–response coefficient, Poisson regression model, and health-impact-assessment-related methods (the Human Capital Approach, the Willingness to Pay Approach, and the Cost of Illness Approach), assessing the health loss and economic loss associated with PM 2.5 . The results show that the pollution of PM 2.5 in Changsha City is serious, which has resulted in extensive health hazards and economic losses to local residents. From 2013 to 2017, when annual average PM 2.5 concentrations fell to 10 μg/m 3 , the total annual losses from the five health-effect endpoints were $2788.41 million, $2123.18 million, $1657.29 million, $1402.90 million, and $1419.92 million, respectively. The proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the current year was 2.69%, 1.87%, 1.34%, 1.04% and 0.93%, respectively. Furthermore, when the concentration of PM 2.5 in Changsha City drops to the safety threshold of 10 μg/m 3 , the number of affected populations and health economic losses can far exceed the situation when it falls to 35 μg/m 3 , as stipulated by the national secondary standard. From 2013 to 2017, the total loss under the former situation was 1.48 times, 1.54 times, 1.86 times, 2.25 times, and 2.33 times that of the latter, respectively. Among them, all-cause death and cardiovascular death are the main sources of health loss. Taking 2017 as an example, when the annual average concentration dropped to 10 μg/m 3 , the health loss caused by deaths from all-cause death and cardiovascular disease was 49.16% of the total loss and 35.73%, respectively. Additionally, deaths as a result of respiratory disease, asthma, and chronic bronchitis contributed to 7.31%, 7.29%, and 0.51% of the total loss, respectively. The research results can provide a reference for the formulation of air pollution control policies based on health effects, which is of great significance for controlling air pollution and protecting people’s health.

Suggested Citation

  • Guanghui Yu & Feifan Wang & Jing Hu & Yan Liao & Xianzhao Liu, 2019. "Value Assessment of Health Losses Caused by PM 2.5 in Changsha City, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:11:p:2063-:d:238916
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qin Liao & Wangqiang Jin & Yan Tao & Jiansheng Qu & Yong Li & Yibo Niu, 2020. "Health and Economic Loss Assessment of PM 2.5 Pollution during 2015–2017 in Gansu Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Nathaniel R. Fold & Mary R. Allison & Berkley C. Wood & Pham T. B. Thao & Sebastien Bonnet & Savitri Garivait & Richard Kamens & Sitthipong Pengjan, 2020. "An Assessment of Annual Mortality Attributable to Ambient PM 2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-13, October.
    3. Junnan Xiong & Chongchong Ye & Tiancai Zhou & Weiming Cheng, 2019. "Health Risk and Resilience Assessment with Respect to the Main Air Pollutants in Sichuan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.

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