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Spatio-Temporal Variation in the Concentration of Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) in Uganda

Author

Listed:
  • Silver Onyango

    (Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda)

  • Beth Parks

    (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA)

  • Simon Anguma

    (Department of Physics, Muni University, Arua, Uganda)

  • Qingyu Meng

    (School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA)

Abstract

Long-term particulate matter (PM 10 ) measurements were conducted during the period January 2016 to September 2017 at three sites in Uganda (Mbarara, Kyebando, and Rubindi) representing a wide range of urbanization. Spatial, temporal and diurnal variations are assessed in this paper. Particulate matter (PM 10 ) samples were collected for 24-h periods on PTFE filters using a calibrated pump and analyzed gravimetrically to determine the average density. Particulate levels were monitored simultaneously using a light scattering instrument to acquire real time data from which diurnal variations were assessed. The PM 10 levels averaged over the sampling period at Mbarara, Kyebando, and Rubindi were 5.8, 8.4, and 6.5 times higher than the WHO annual air quality guideline of 20 µg·m −3 , and values exceeded the 24-h mean PM 10 guideline of 50 µg·m −3 on 83, 100, and 86% of the sampling days. Higher concentrations were observed during dry seasons at all sites. Seasonal differences were statistically significant at Rubindi and Kyebando. Bimodal peaks were observed in the diurnal analysis with higher morning peaks at Mbarara and Kyebando, which points to the impact of traffic sources, while the higher evening peak at Rubindi points to the influence of dust suspension, roadside cooking and open-air waste burning. Long-term measurement showed unhealthy ambient air in all three locations tested in Uganda, with significant spatial and seasonal differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Silver Onyango & Beth Parks & Simon Anguma & Qingyu Meng, 2019. "Spatio-Temporal Variation in the Concentration of Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) in Uganda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:10:p:1752-:d:232017
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bruce J. Kirenga & Rebecca Nantanda & Corina De Jong & Levicatus Mugenyi & Qingyu Meng & Gilbert Aniku & Sian Williams & Hellen Aanyu-Tukamuhebwa & Moses Kamya & Stephan Schwander & Thys Van der Molen, 2018. "Lung Function of Children at Three Sites of Varying Ambient Air Pollution Levels in Uganda: A Cross Sectional Comparative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, November.
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    3. Mukwaya, Paul Isolo & Sengendo, Hannington & Lwasa, Shuaib, 2010. "Urban Development Transitions and their Implications for Poverty Reduction and Policy Planning in Uganda," WIDER Working Paper Series 045, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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    5. Paul Isolo Mukwaya & Hannington Sengendo & Shuaib Lwasa, 2010. "Urban Development Transitions and their Implications for Poverty Reduction and Policy Planning in Uganda," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2010-045, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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    1. Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe & Martin Röösli & Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo & Mohammed Aqiel Dalvie & Kees de Hoogh, 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Variations in PM 10 Concentrations between 2010–2017 in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-12, December.

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