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Discrepancy between Self-Reported and Urine Cotinine-Verified Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Rural Pregnant Women in China

Author

Listed:
  • Xia Xiao

    (School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrongxilu Road, Yuhua Neighborhood, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China)

  • Yan Li

    (School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrongxilu Road, Yuhua Neighborhood, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China)

  • Xiaoxiao Song

    (School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrongxilu Road, Yuhua Neighborhood, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China)

  • Qinghua Xu

    (School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrongxilu Road, Yuhua Neighborhood, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China)

  • Siwei Yang

    (School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrongxilu Road, Yuhua Neighborhood, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China)

  • Jie Wu

    (School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrongxilu Road, Yuhua Neighborhood, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China)

  • Edmund Seto

    (School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 357230, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

Abstract

Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most modifiable risk factor associated with adverse child-health outcomes. However, few longitudinal studies are implemented to compare the rates of discrepancy between self-reported (SR) and urinary cotinine (UC)-verified ETS exposure during the three trimesters of pregnancy, especially in rural areas. The objectives of this study were to assess the discrepancy between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure among rural women employing three measures throughout pregnancy, and to explore predictors related to these differences. This study used a prospective prenatal cohort consisting of 420 pregnant women whose ETS exposure was entirely evaluated by both SR and UC verification across three trimesters of pregnancy. Environmental tobacco exposure was assessed via SR verification, and was validated using the limit of detection for UC. The discrepancy rates were determined for each trimester. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the predictors associated with these differences. The discrepancy rates between SR and UC verification were 25.2%, 17.1%, and 20.5% (first, second, and third trimester, respectively). The highest inconsistency occurred in the first trimester. After adjusting for confounding factors, the following variables were found to have statistically significant associations with the discrepancy rate between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure: the number of smokers in the family and household income for all three trimesters, township site for the second and third trimester, and gravidity for the last trimester. The SR rate of ETS exposure among rural pregnant women is underreported, while the UC-verified rate is higher. More smokers in the family and gravidity may increase the risk of ETS exposure for pregnant women. Biochemical validation is warranted throughout pregnancy for the adoption of home-smoking bans and the promotion of community-based smoke-free programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Xia Xiao & Yan Li & Xiaoxiao Song & Qinghua Xu & Siwei Yang & Jie Wu & Edmund Seto, 2018. "Discrepancy between Self-Reported and Urine Cotinine-Verified Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Rural Pregnant Women in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:7:p:1499-:d:158215
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Health Organization, 2007. "Protection From Exposure to Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke: Policy recommendations," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt0nb6z24q, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
    2. World Health Organization, 2007. "Protection from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke. Policy recommendations," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt3t77f8th, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
    3. Jun Hyun Hwang & Jong Yeon Kim & Do Hoon Lee & Hye Gyoun Jung & Soon-Woo Park, 2018. "Underestimation of Self-Reported Smoking Prevalence in Korean Adolescents: Evidence from Gold Standard by Combined Method," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Hong Cui & Ting-Ting Gong & Cai-Xia Liu & Qi-Jun Wu, 2016. "Associations between Passive Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Preterm Birth: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hanns Moshammer & Hans-Peter Hutter, 2019. "Breast-Feeding Protects Children from Adverse Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-6, January.
    2. Lubica Argalasova & Ingrid Zitnanova & Diana Vondrova & Monika Dvorakova & Lucia Laubertova & Jana Jurkovicova & Juraj Stofko & Michael Weitzman & Iveta Waczulikova & Martin Simko, 2019. "Self-Reported Exposure to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke), Urinary Cotinine, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Pregnant Women—The Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Meiman Maggie Chen & Su-Er Guo & Chi-Pin Yuan & Chizimuzo Okoli & Yen-Chi Liao, 2021. "Association between Self-Reported Survey Measures and Biomarkers of Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Non-Smoking Pregnant Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-10, August.

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