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Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM 2.5 in Beijing

Author

Listed:
  • Yibing Yang

    (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Liu Liu

    (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Chunyu Xu

    (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Na Li

    (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Zhe Liu

    (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Qin Wang

    (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Dongqun Xu

    (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China)

Abstract

In order to identify the sources of indoor PM 2.5 and to check which factors influence the concentration of indoor PM 2.5 and chemical elements, indoor concentrations of PM 2.5 and its related elements in residential houses in Beijing were explored. Indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 samples that were monitored continuously for one week were collected. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM 2.5 and 15 elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Se, Tl, V, Zn) were calculated and compared. The median indoor concentration of PM 2.5 was 57.64 μg/m 3 . For elements in indoor PM 2.5 , Cd and As may be sensitive to indoor smoking, Zn, Ca and Al may be related to indoor sources other than smoking, Pb, V and Se may mainly come from outdoor. Five factors were extracted for indoor PM 2.5 by factor analysis, explained 76.8% of total variance, outdoor sources contributed more than indoor sources. Multiple linear regression analysis for indoor PM 2.5 , Cd and Pb was performed. Indoor PM 2.5 was influenced by factors including outdoor PM 2.5 , smoking during sampling, outdoor temperature and time of air conditioner use. Indoor Cd was affected by factors including smoking during sampling, outdoor Cd and building age. Indoor Pb concentration was associated with factors including outdoor Pb and time of window open per day, building age and RH. In conclusion, indoor PM 2.5 mainly comes from outdoor sources, and the contributions of indoor sources also cannot be ignored. Factors associated indoor and outdoor air exchange can influence the concentrations of indoor PM 2.5 and its constituents.

Suggested Citation

  • Yibing Yang & Liu Liu & Chunyu Xu & Na Li & Zhe Liu & Qin Wang & Dongqun Xu, 2018. "Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM 2.5 in Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:686-:d:139721
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lihui Huang & Zhongnan Pu & Mu Li & Jan Sundell, 2015. "Characterizing the Indoor-Outdoor Relationship of Fine Particulate Matter in Non-Heating Season for Urban Residences in Beijing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Guozhi Cao & Jun Bi & Zongwei Ma & Zhijuan Shao & Jinnan Wang, 2019. "Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Christopher Johnes & Richard A. Sharpe & Tamaryn Menneer & Timothy Taylor & Penelope Nestel, 2023. "Using Sensor Data to Identify Factors Affecting Internal Air Quality within 279 Lower Income Households in Cornwall, South West of England," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Soo Ran Won & In-Keun Shim & Jeonghoon Kim & Hyun Ah Ji & Yumi Lee & Jongchun Lee & Young Sung Ghim, 2021. "PM 2.5 and Trace Elements in Underground Shopping Districts in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, January.

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