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Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Chongqing, China, 2009–2016

Author

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  • Li Qi

    (Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China
    Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Wenge Tang

    (Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Han Zhao

    (Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China)

  • Hua Ling

    (Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China)

  • Kun Su

    (Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China)

  • Hua Zhao

    (Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China)

  • Qin Li

    (Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China)

  • Tao Shen

    (Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China)

Abstract

(1) Objective : Even with licensed vaccine for enterovirus 71 (EV71) put into market in 2016 in China, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is still a threat for children’s health in Chongqing. We described the epidemiological characteristics and spatial–temporal patterns of HFMD in Chongqing from 2009 to 2016, in order to provide information and evidence for guiding public health response and intervention. (2) Methods : We retrieved the HFMD surveillance data from January 2009 to December 2016 from “National Disease Reporting Information System”, and then analyzed demographic and geographical information integrally. Descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the epidemic features of HFMD in Chongqing. The spatial–temporal methods were performed to explore the clusters at district/county level. (3) Results : A total of 276,207 HFMD cases were reported during the study period (total population incidence: 114.8 per 100,000 per year), including 641 severe cases (129 deaths). The annual incidence of HFMD sharply increased in even-numbered years, but remained stable or decreased in odd-numbered years. A semiannual seasonality was observed during April to July, and October to December in each year. The male-to-female ratios of the mild and severe cases were 1.4:1 and 1.5:1, with the median age of 2.3 years and 1.9 years, respectively. More than 90% of the cases were children equal to and less than 5 years old. High-incidence clustered regions included the main urban districts and northeast regions according to incidence rates comparison or space–time cluster analysis. A total of 19,482 specimen were collected from the reported cases and 13,277 (68.2%) were positive for enterovirus. EV71 was the major causative agent for severe cases, while other enteroviruses were the predominant serotype for mild cases. (4) Conclusions: The characteristics of HFMD in Chongqing exhibited a phenomenon of increasing incidence in two-year cycles and semiannual seasonality in time distribution. Children ≤5 years old, especially boys, were more affected by HFMD. EV71 was the major causative agent for severe cases. We suggest initiating mass EV71 vaccination campaigns among children aged 6 months to 5 years in Chongqing, especially in the main urban districts and northern regions, in order to reduce case fatality, and take integrated measurements for controlling and preventing HFMD attributed to other enteroviruses.

Suggested Citation

  • Li Qi & Wenge Tang & Han Zhao & Hua Ling & Kun Su & Hua Zhao & Qin Li & Tao Shen, 2018. "Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Chongqing, China, 2009–2016," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:2:p:270-:d:130238
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yuanbin Song & Fan Wang & Bin Wang & Shaohua Tao & Huiping Zhang & Sai Liu & Oscar Ramirez & Qiyi Zeng, 2015. "Time Series Analyses of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Integrating Weather Variables," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Ruixue Huang & Guolin Bian & Tianfeng He & Lv Chen & Guozhang Xu, 2016. "Effects of Meteorological Parameters and PM 10 on the Incidence of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Children in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-13, May.
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