IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/hur/ijarbs/v7y2017i6p761-768.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electronic Cigarettes as a Smoking Cessation or as a Gateway to Start Smoking?

Author

Listed:
  • Nurul Husna Akhmar
  • Hanum Hassan
  • Norhasyikin Rozali
  • Siti Intan Diyana Ishak
  • Alia Ashrani Azmi

Abstract

Nowadays, the use of electronic cigarettes are increasingly popular among teens and adults. Electronic cigarettes use battery power to operate. Electronic cigarettes function is very similar to a conventional cigarette, namely supply of nicotine to the user. However, the electronic cigarette does not produce smoke but vapor to be inhaled. The objectives of the concept paper is to examine the effectiveness of using electronic cigarettes as an aid to stop smoking or as a tool to initiate smoking activities. The method use for this conceptual paper by using secondary data resources at online database and library collection. Finding show from this conceptual paper is a great need in designing strategies to deal with the increased use of electronic cigarettes. In order to conclude, more studies related to electronic cigarettes should be carried out to teenagers and adults. In addition, studies to look at the safety of the use of electronic cigarettes in the long term should be carried out.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurul Husna Akhmar & Hanum Hassan & Norhasyikin Rozali & Siti Intan Diyana Ishak & Alia Ashrani Azmi, 2017. "Electronic Cigarettes as a Smoking Cessation or as a Gateway to Start Smoking?," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(6), pages 761-768, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:hur:ijarbs:v:7:y:2017:i:6:p:761-768
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hrmars.com/hrmars_papers/Electronic_Cigarettes_as_a_Smoking_Cessation_or_as_a_Gateway_to_Start_Smoking.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: http://hrmars.com/hrmars_papers/Electronic_Cigarettes_as_a_Smoking_Cessation_or_as_a_Gateway_to_Start_Smoking.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anonymous, 1952. "World Health Organization," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(4), pages 652-655, November.
    2. Anonymous, 1952. "World Health Organization," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(3), pages 455-457, August.
    3. Anonymous, 1952. "World Health Organization," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(2), pages 312-316, May.
    4. Editors, 2014. "International Journal of Systems Science," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(12), pages 1-1, December.
    5. Pearson, J.L. & Richardson, A. & Niaura, R.S. & Vallone, D.M. & Abrams, D.B., 2012. "E-cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions in US adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(9), pages 1758-1766.
    6. Grana, Rachel PhD, MPH & Benowitz, Neal MD & Glantz, Stanton A. PhD, 2013. "Background Paper on E-cigarettes (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems)," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt13p2b72n, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kevin Croke & Joan Hamory Hicks & Eric Hsu & Michael Kremer & Ricardo Maertens & Edward Miguel & Witold Więcek, 2016. "Meta-Analysis and Public Policy: Reconciling the Evidence on Deworming," NBER Working Papers 22382, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Nahid Rahimipour Anaraki & Dariush Boostani, 2014. "Mother–child interaction: a qualitative investigation of imprisoned mothers," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2447-2461, September.
    3. Kremer, Michael & Miguel, Edward & Croke, Kevin & Hicks, Joan Hamory & Hsu, Eric, 2016. "Does Mass Deworming Affect Child Nutrition? Meta-analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, and Statistical Power," CEPR Discussion Papers 11458, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Hünermund, Paul & Schmidt-Dengler, Philipp & Takahashi, Yuya, 2014. "Entry and shakeout in dynamic oligopoly," ZEW Discussion Papers 14-116, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Sule A Saka & Frasia Oosthuizen & Manimbulu Nlooto, 2018. "An Evaluation of Potential Inappropriate Prescribing Among Older Persons in Nigeria," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(11), pages 1-28, November.
    6. Linda Shields & Imelda Coyne, 2006. "Commentary on Hopia H, Tomlinson PS, Paavilainen E & Åstedt‐Kurki P (2005) Child in hospital: family experiences and expectations of how nurses can promote family health. Journal of Clinical Nursing 1," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 111-113, January.
    7. Gholiagha, Sassan & Holzscheiter, Anna & Liese, Andrea, 2020. "Activating norm collisions: Interface conflicts in international drug control," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 9(2), pages 290-317.
    8. Hanrieder, Tine, 2015. "The path-dependent design of international organizations: Federalism in the World Health Organization," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 21(1), pages 215-239.
    9. Salceda, Marifa & Vidu, Ana & Aubert, Adriana & Padros, Maria, 2022. "Dialogic literary gatherings in out-of-home care to overcome educational inequalities by improving school academic performance," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    10. Wanat, Stanley & Whisnant, Jill & Reicherter, Daryn & Solvason, Brent & Juul, Sarah & Penrose, Brian & Koopman, Cheryl, 2010. "Coping with the challenges of living in an Indonesian residential institution," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 45-50, June.
    11. Rogers, Justin & Whitelaw, Robert & Karunan, Victor & Ketnim, Pryn, 2021. "Children’s experiences of alternative care in mainland Southeast Asia – A scoping review of literature," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    12. Aue, Luis, 2021. "How Do Metrics Shape Polities? From Analogue to Digital Measurement Regimes in International Health Politics," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 15(1), pages 83-101.
    13. Nazanin Mansouri & Khaled Goher, 2016. "Walking Aids for Older Adults: Review of End-User Needs," Asian Social Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(12), pages 109-109, December.
    14. Youngs Chang & Sanghyun Cho & Ikhan Kim & Young-Ho Khang, 2019. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in e-Cigarette Use in Korea: Comparison with Inequalities in Conventional Cigarette Use Using Two National Surveys," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-15, November.
    15. Moina Ajmeri & Ahmad Ali, 2017. "Analytical design of modified Smith predictor for unstable second-order processes with time delay," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(8), pages 1671-1681, June.
    16. Viet, Nguyen Quoc & Behdani, Behzad & Bloemhof, Jacqueline, 2018. "Value of Information to Improve Daily Operations in High-Density Logistics," International Journal on Food System Dynamics, International Center for Management, Communication, and Research, vol. 9(1), January.
    17. Qiu, Ruozhen & Sun, Minghe & Lim, Yun Fong, 2017. "Optimizing (s, S) policies for multi-period inventory models with demand distribution uncertainty: Robust dynamic programing approaches," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 261(3), pages 880-892.
    18. P.R. Ouyang & V. Pano & T. Dam, 2015. "PID position domain control for contour tracking," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(1), pages 111-124, January.
    19. M. Kang & J. Cheong & H.M. Do & Y. Son & S.-I. Niculescu, 2017. "A practical iterative PID tuning method for mechanical systems using parameter chart," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(13), pages 2887-2900, October.
    20. Md. Majharul Haque & Suraiya Pervin & Anowar Hossain & Zerina Begum, 2020. "Approaches and Trends of Automatic Bangla Text Summarization: Challenges and Opportunities," International Journal of Technology Diffusion (IJTD), IGI Global, vol. 11(4), pages 67-83, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hur:ijarbs:v:7:y:2017:i:6:p:761-768. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Hassan Danial Aslam (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARBSS .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.