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The Effects of Substance Abuse on Blood Glucose Parameters in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Omorogieva Ojo

    (Department of Adult Nursing and Paramedic Science, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK)

  • Xiao-Hua Wang

    (The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China)

  • Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo

    (University Hospital, Lewisham High Street, London SE13 6LH, UK)

  • Jude Ibe

    (Department of Family Care & Mental Health, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK)

Abstract

Background : People who abuse substances are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes resulting partly from increased cell damage and due to the effects of opioids on glucose homeostasis. Therefore, people with diabetes who abuse substances may carry greater health risks than the general population resulting from their effect on glucose metabolism. These substances may be in the form of cannabis, hallucinogens, opioids, and stimulants. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of substance abuse on blood glucose parameters in patients with diabetes. Method : Databases including Embase, Psycho-Info, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched systematically for relevant articles from database inception to May 2018. Search terms including medical subject headings (MeSH) based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcomes (PICO) framework was used to access the databases. Eligible articles were selected based on set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles reviewed were evaluated for quality and meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out using the Review Manager (RevMan 5.3, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). The Random effects model was used for the data analysis. Results : Twelve studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review, while nine articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that substance abuse does not have significant effects ( p > 0.05) on postprandial blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin in patients with diabetes. With respect to the effect of substance abuse on fasting blood glucose, while this was significant ( p < 0.05) following meta-analysis, the results of the sensitivity test did not demonstrate any significant difference ( p > 0.05) between patients who abused substances compared with control. This would suggest that the effect of substance abuse on fasting blood glucose in these patients was not very reliable or not consistent. Conclusions : The effect of substance abuse on glycated haemoglobin and postprandial blood glucose in patients with diabetes was not significant. In the meta-analysis, while the value was slightly lower with respect to postprandial blood glucose, this was slightly higher in relation to HbA1c in the substance abuse group compared with control. On the other hand, the effect of substance abuse on fasting blood glucose was significant ( p = 0.03) compared with control, but this was attenuated following a sensitivity test. A range of factors including eating habits, characteristics of drugs, erratic lifestyle of patients may explain the outcome of this review. There is the need for randomised controlled trials that will include diet and medication history in order to fully understand the effect of substance abuse on blood glucose parameters in patients with diabetes.

Suggested Citation

  • Omorogieva Ojo & Xiao-Hua Wang & Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo & Jude Ibe, 2018. "The Effects of Substance Abuse on Blood Glucose Parameters in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:12:p:2691-:d:186321
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    1. Omorogieva Ojo & Xiao-Hua Wang & Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo & Jude Ibe, 2019. "The Impact of Opium Abuse on Lipid Profile in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Chris Chukwunyere Njoku & Judith Ifunanya Ani & Lucky Norah Katende-Kyenda, 2025. "Disease Conditions and Health Information Needs Among People Who Inject Drugs: Engendering Research to Policy and Interventions Initiatives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(3), pages 1-20, February.

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