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Occupational Exposure to Solar Radiation at Different Latitudes and Pterygium: A Systematic Review of the Last 10 Years of Scientific Literature

Author

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  • Alberto Modenese

    (Department of Biomedical, Metabolical and Neurosciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy)

  • Fabriziomaria Gobba

    (Department of Biomedical, Metabolical and Neurosciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy)

Abstract

Pterygium is a chronic eye disease: among its recognized risk factors there is long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The Sun is the main source of UV exposure: according to the World Health Organization, the Population Attributable Fraction of pterygium due to solar radiation (SR) is 42–74%. Outdoor work can deeply influence the eye exposure to solar UV rays, but, despite this, pterygium is currently not adequately considered as a possible occupational disease in this working category, at least in Europe. For this reason, we performed a systematic review of the scientific literature published in the last ten years (2008–2017) considering the role of outdoor work as a risk factor for pterygium, in order to give new support for the prevention of this UV related disease in workers. We identified 29 relevant papers. Our results show that pterygium prevalence highly increased with latitude and mean annual UV index, and outdoor work is one of the most relevant risk factors, as well as age and male sex, both in high risk and in moderate risk World areas considering the environmental UV levels. Accordingly, pterygium occurring in outdoor workers should be considered an occupational disease. Moreover, our findings clearly support the need of further research on more effective prevention of the occupational risk related to long-term solar radiation exposure of the eye.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Modenese & Fabriziomaria Gobba, 2017. "Occupational Exposure to Solar Radiation at Different Latitudes and Pterygium: A Systematic Review of the Last 10 Years of Scientific Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2017:i:1:p:37-:d:124476
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mingming Cai & Jie Zhang, 2015. "Epidemiological Characteristics of Work-Related Ocular Trauma in Southwest Region of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Fabriziomaria Gobba & Enrico Dall’Olio & Alberto Modenese & Michele De Maria & Luca Campi & Gian Maria Cavallini, 2017. "Work-Related Eye Injuries: A Relevant Health Problem. Main Epidemiological Data from a Highly-Industrialized Area of Northern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-12, June.
    3. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    4. Kim, Jaehoon & Kim, Sangsin, 2015. "2012년 국회법 개정의 효과 연구 [A Study on the Effect of the 2012 National Assembly Act Amendment]," KDI Research Monographs, Korea Development Institute (KDI), volume 127, number v:2015-03(k):y:2015:p:1-1.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Modenese & Leena Korpinen & Fabriziomaria Gobba, 2018. "Solar Radiation Exposure and Outdoor Work: An Underestimated Occupational Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, September.
    2. Kuan-Han Lin & Chien-Chia Su & Yen-Yuan Chen & Po-Ching Chu, 2019. "The Effects of Lighting Problems on Eye Symptoms among Cleanroom Microscope Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, January.
    3. Alberto Modenese & Francesco Pio Ruggieri & Fabio Bisegna & Massimo Borra & Chiara Burattini & Elena Della Vecchia & Carlo Grandi & Anna Grasso & Luca Gugliermetti & Marco Manini & Andrea Militello & , 2019. "Occupational Exposure to Solar UV Radiation of a Group of Fishermen Working in the Italian North Adriatic Sea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-12, August.

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