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Green Space and Depression during Pregnancy: Results from the Growing Up in New Zealand Study

Author

Listed:
  • Vikram Nichani

    (Section of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Kim Dirks

    (Section of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Bruce Burns

    (School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Amy Bird

    (Centre for Longitudinal Research he Ara ki Mua, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Cameron Grant

    (Centre for Longitudinal Research he Ara ki Mua, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
    Department of Pediatrics: Child and Youth Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
    General Pediatrics, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1023, New Zealand)

Abstract

Background : Antenatal depression is an important contributor to poor maternal health experienced by some women. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to green space during pregnancy is associated with less depression, and whether this association is moderated by relevant factors, such as age, education, self-identified ethnicity, physical activity, residential rurality, and socioeconomic status. Methods : Health data were sourced from the cohort study “ Growing Up in New Zealand ” comprised of 6772 participants. Green space was estimated based on the proportion of green space within the Census Area Unit. Adjusted logistic mixed effect models were used to investigate the association between green space and antenatal depression after controlling for confounding variables. Results : Maternal exposure to green space were not associated with lower odds of antenatal depression. Indications of effect modifications due to relevant factors were not observed. Conclusions : This study did not determine an association between access to green space (measured based on the distance to the nearest green space) and antenatal depression. Therefore, a link between green space and antenatal depression was not established. For that reason, ensuring residential areas contain adequate green space may or may not be helpful in preventing antenatal depression and adverse health outcomes associated with this depression. More studies focusing on pregnant women in a range of social contexts, and considering both exposure and access to green space, are warranted to determine the relationships between green space and antenatal depression.

Suggested Citation

  • Vikram Nichani & Kim Dirks & Bruce Burns & Amy Bird & Cameron Grant, 2017. "Green Space and Depression during Pregnancy: Results from the Growing Up in New Zealand Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:9:p:1083-:d:112347
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kirsten M. M. Beyer & Andrea Kaltenbach & Aniko Szabo & Sandra Bogar & F. Javier Nieto & Kristen M. Malecki, 2014. "Exposure to Neighborhood Green Space and Mental Health: Evidence from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, March.
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    3. Yang Zhang & Terry Van Dijk & Jianjun Tang & Agnes E. van den Berg, 2015. "Green Space Attachment and Health: A Comparative Study in Two Urban Neighborhoods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Elisabeth H. Bos & Leon Van der Meulen & Marieke Wichers & Bertus F. Jeronimus, 2016. "A Primrose Path? Moderating Effects of Age and Gender in the Association between Green Space and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-8, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Liqing Zhang & Puay Yok Tan, 2019. "Associations between Urban Green Spaces and Health are Dependent on the Analytical Scale and How Urban Green Spaces are Measured," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Selin Akaraci & Xiaoqi Feng & Thomas Suesse & Bin Jalaludin & Thomas Astell-Burt, 2020. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associations between Green and Blue Spaces and Birth Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Marco Helbich, 2018. "Mental Health and Environmental Exposures: An Editorial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-4, October.
    4. Charlotte Wendelboe-Nelson & Sarah Kelly & Marion Kennedy & John W. Cherrie, 2019. "A Scoping Review Mapping Research on Green Space and Associated Mental Health Benefits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-49, June.

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