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Effects of Land Use/Cover Changes and Urban Forest Configuration on Urban Heat Islands in a Loess Hilly Region: Case Study Based on Yan’an City, China

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  • Xinping Zhang

    (College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
    Tourism Department, Shaanxi Vocational & Technical College, Xi’an 710100, China)

  • Dexiang Wang

    (College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Hongke Hao

    (College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Fangfang Zhang

    (Gaoling Branch School, Shaanxi Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School, Xi’an 710200, China)

  • Youning Hu

    (College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
    School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China)

Abstract

In this study Yan’an City, a typical hilly valley city, was considered as the study area in order to explain the relationships between the surface urban heat island (SUHI) and land use/land cover (LULC) types, the landscape pattern metrics of LULC types and land surface temperature (LST) and remote sensing indexes were retrieved from Landsat data during 1990–2015, and to find factors contributed to the green space cool island intensity (GSCI) through field measurements of 34 green spaces. The results showed that during 1990–2015, because of local anthropogenic activities, SUHI was mainly located in lower vegetation cover areas. There was a significant suburban-urban gradient in the average LST, as well as its heterogeneity and fluctuations. Six landscape metrics comprising the fractal dimension index, percentage of landscape, aggregation index, division index, Shannon’s diversity index, and expansion intensity of the classified LST spatiotemporal changes were paralleled to LULC changes, especially for construction land, during the past 25 years. In the urban area, an index-based built-up index was the key positive factor for explaining LST increases, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index and modified normalized difference water index were crucial factors for explaining LST decreases during the study periods. In terms of the heat mitigation performance of green spaces, mixed forest was better than pure forest, and the urban forest configuration had positive effects on GSCI. The results of this study provide insights into the importance of species choice and the spatial design of green spaces for cooling the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinping Zhang & Dexiang Wang & Hongke Hao & Fangfang Zhang & Youning Hu, 2017. "Effects of Land Use/Cover Changes and Urban Forest Configuration on Urban Heat Islands in a Loess Hilly Region: Case Study Based on Yan’an City, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-25, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:8:p:840-:d:105990
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Maurício Lamano Ferreira & Claudia Terezinha Kniess & Wanderley Meira Silva & Anderson Targino da Silva Ferreira, 2023. "Urban Forests, Territorial Planning and Political Stability: Key Factors to Face Climate Change in a Megacity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Muhammad Amir Siddique & Fan Boqing & Liu Dongyun, 2023. "Modeling the Impact and Risk Assessment of Urbanization on Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Level of Beijing City, China (2005–2020)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Nadeem Ullah & Muhammad Amir Siddique & Mengyue Ding & Sara Grigoryan & Irshad Ahmad Khan & Zhihao Kang & Shangen Tsou & Tianlin Zhang & Yike Hu & Yazhuo Zhang, 2023. "The Impact of Urbanization on Urban Heat Island: Predictive Approach Using Google Earth Engine and CA-Markov Modelling (2005–2050) of Tianjin City, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Vimala Kiranmai Ayyala Somayajula & Deepika Ghai & Sandeep Kumar & Suman Lata Tripathi & Chaman Verma & Calin Ovidiu Safirescu & Traian Candin Mihaltan, 2022. "Classification and Validation of Spatio-Temporal Changes in Land Use/Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature of Multitemporal Images," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-35, November.

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