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Are Structural Changes in Polish Rural Areas Fostering Leisure-Time Physical Activity?

Author

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  • Elżbieta Biernat

    (Collegium of World Economy, Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Piotr Bartkiewicz

    (Collegium of Economic Analysis, Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Sonia Buchholtz

    (Collegium of Economic Analysis, Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

Abstract

Background: In this study, we analyze the determinants of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) of farmers and non-farmers living in rural areas. Methods: We use statistical analysis to describe urban and rural populations, as well as econometric techniques (Heckman regressions and propensity score matching) to assess the role of rural lifestyle in physical activity. Results: World Health Organization (WHO) pro-health PA (physical activity) recommendations are not met by 66% of farmers and 49% of other dwellers in rural areas. Approximately two thirds of them are completely inactive. Farmers enjoy vigorous PA (VPA), cycling and recreational walking less than their non-farming counterparts and are 46% less likely to be active than them; however the difference disappears when they take up an activity. The amount of PA is negatively correlated with age, but tends to increase for older people compared to those in middle age. Women are 6%–7% less active than men, yet the odds of being active at all are higher for women than for men. Household size is negatively correlated with LTPA. Conclusion: Considering the structural changes, rural area dwellers, especially farmers, require public intervention aimed at increasing their awareness of the advantages of LTPA.

Suggested Citation

  • Elżbieta Biernat & Piotr Bartkiewicz & Sonia Buchholtz, 2017. "Are Structural Changes in Polish Rural Areas Fostering Leisure-Time Physical Activity?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:4:p:372-:d:94768
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    1. James J. Heckman, 1976. "The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 5, number 4, pages 475-492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Philippe Aghion & Olivier Jean Blanchard, 1994. "On the Speed of Transition in Central Europe," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1994, Volume 9, pages 283-330, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    4. Sigelman, Lee & Zeng, Langche, 1999. "Analyzing Censored and Sample-Selected Data with Tobit and Heckit Models," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(2), pages 167-182, December.
    5. Elżbieta Biernat & Sonia Buchholtz, 2016. "The Regularities in Insufficient Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-12, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Agnieszka Ostachowska-Gasior & Emilia Kolarzyk & Renata Majewska & Anna Gasior & Jacek Kwiatkowski & Izabela Zaleska, 2018. "Diet and Physical Activity as Determinants of Lifestyle Chosen by Women from Southern Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-11, September.
    2. Rongrong Zhuo & Mark Rosenberg & Bin Yu & Xinwei Guo & Mingjie Wang, 2021. "Accessibility of Rural Life Space on the Jianghan Plain, China: The Role of Livelihood," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Elżbieta Biernat & Monika Piątkowska, 2019. "Leisure-Time Physical Activity Participation Trends 2014–2018: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-14, December.

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