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Nutrition in the First 1000 Days: The Origin of Childhood Obesity

Author

Listed:
  • Chiara Mameli

    (Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20154, Italy)

  • Sara Mazzantini

    (Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20154, Italy)

  • Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti

    (Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20154, Italy)

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a major global issue. Its incidence is constantly increasing, thereby offering a threatening public health perspective. The risk of developing the numerous chronic diseases associated with this condition from very early in life is significant. Although complex and multi-factorial, the pathophysiology of obesity recognizes essential roles of nutritional and metabolic aspects. Particularly, several risk factors identified as possible determinants of later-life obesity act within the first 1000 days of life (i.e., from conception to age 2 years). The purpose of this manuscript is to review those key mechanisms for which a role in predisposing children to obesity is supported by the most recent literature. Throughout the development of the human feeding environment, three different stages have been identified: (1) the prenatal period; (2) breast vs. formula feeding; and (3) complementary diet. A deep understanding of the specific nutritional challenges presented within each phase might foster the development of future preventive strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Chiara Mameli & Sara Mazzantini & Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, 2016. "Nutrition in the First 1000 Days: The Origin of Childhood Obesity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:9:p:838-:d:76554
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhangbin Yu & Shuping Han & Jingai Zhu & Xiaofan Sun & Chenbo Ji & Xirong Guo, 2013. "Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index in Relation to Infant Birth Weight and Offspring Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-1, April.
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    2. Alice P. Okeyo & Eunice Seekoe & Anniza de Villiers & Mieke Faber & Johanna H. Nel & Nelia P. Steyn, 2020. "Dietary Practices and Adolescent Obesity in Secondary School Learners at Disadvantaged Schools in South Africa: Urban–Rural and Gender Differences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Gülcan Bektas & Femke Boelsma & Vivianne E. Baur & Jacob C. Seidell & S. Coosje Dijkstra, 2020. "Parental Perspectives and Experiences in Relation to Lifestyle-Related Practices in the First Two Years of a Child’s Life: A Qualitative Study in a Disadvantaged Neighborhood in The Netherlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Andrea Ramirez & Alison Tovar & Gretel Garcia & Tanya Nieri & Stephanie Hernandez & Myrna Sastre & Ann M. Cheney, 2022. "Involvement of Non-Parental Caregivers in Obesity Prevention Interventions among 0–3-Year-Old Children: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Elder Garcia Varela & Jamie Zeldman & Amy R. Mobley, 2022. "Community Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Barriers and Facilitators to Food Security of Families with Children under Three Years before and during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-15, August.
    6. Penelope Love & Melissa Walsh & Karen J. Campbell, 2020. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Australian Trainee Childcare Educators Regarding Their Role in the Feeding Behaviours of Young Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Nelia P. Steyn & Johanna H. Nel & Sonia Malczyk & Linda Drummond & Marjanne Senekal, 2020. "Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS): Energy and Macronutrient Intakes of Children in a Representative/Random Sample of 1–<10-Year-Old Children in Two Economically Active and Urbanized Provinces in ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-37, March.
    8. Alison Spence & Penelope Love & Rebecca Byrne & Amy Wakem & Louisa Matwiejczyk & Amanda Devine & Rebecca Golley & Ros Sambell, 2020. "Childcare Food Provision Recommendations Vary across Australia: Jurisdictional Comparison and Nutrition Expert Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Ellen Cecilie Andresen & Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem & Anne Kjersti Bakken & Lene Frost Andersen, 2022. "Environmental Impact of Feeding with Infant Formula in Comparison with Breastfeeding," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-15, May.

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