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The Covariance between Air Pollution Annoyance and Noise Annoyance, and Its Relationship with Health-Related Quality of Life

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Listed:
  • Daniel Shepherd

    (School of Public Health, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Kim Dirks

    (School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • David Welch

    (School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • David McBride

    (Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand)

  • Jason Landon

    (School of Public Health, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

Abstract

Air pollution originating from road traffic is a known risk factor of respiratory and cardiovascular disease (both in terms of chronic and acute effects). While adverse effects on cardiovascular health have also been linked with noise (after controlling for air pollution), noise exposure has been commonly linked to sleep impairment and negative emotional reactions. Health is multi-faceted, both conceptually and operationally; Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) is one of many measures capable of probing health. In this study, we examine pre-collected data from postal surveys probing HRQOL obtained from a variety of urban, suburban, and rural contexts across the North Island of New Zealand. Analyses focus on the covariance between air pollution annoyance and noise annoyances, and their independent and combined effects on HRQOL. Results indicate that the highest ratings of air pollution annoyance and noise annoyances were for residents living close to the motorway, while the lowest were for rural residents. Most of the city samples indicated no significant difference between air pollution- and noise-annoyance ratings, and of all of the correlations between air pollution- and noise-annoyance, the highest were found in the city samples. These findings suggest that annoyance is driven by exposure to environmental factors and not personality characteristics. Analysis of HRQOL indicated that air pollution annoyance predicts greater variability in the physical HRQOL domain while noise annoyance predicts greater variability in the psychological, social and environmental domains. The lack of an interaction effect between air pollution annoyance and noise annoyance suggests that air pollution and noise impact on health independently. These results echo those obtained from objective measures of health and suggest that mitigation of traffic effects should address both air and noise pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Shepherd & Kim Dirks & David Welch & David McBride & Jason Landon, 2016. "The Covariance between Air Pollution Annoyance and Noise Annoyance, and Its Relationship with Health-Related Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:8:p:792-:d:75517
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eja Pedersen, 2015. "City Dweller Responses to Multiple Stressors Intruding into Their Homes: Noise, Light, Odour, and Vibration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Daniel Shepherd & David Welch & Kim N. Dirks & David McBride, 2013. "Do Quiet Areas Afford Greater Health-Related Quality of Life than Noisy Areas?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Stephen A. Stansfeld, 2015. "Noise Effects on Health in the Context of Air Pollution Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-26, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Francisco A. Buendia-Hernandez & Maria J. Ortiz Bevia & Francisco J. Alvarez-Garcia & Antonio Ruizde Elvira, 2022. "Sensitivity of a Dynamic Model of Air Traffic Emissions to Technological and Environmental Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Nuno Canha & Ana Rita Justino & Carla A. Gamelas & Susana Marta Almeida, 2022. "Citizens’ Perception on Air Quality in Portugal—How Concern Motivates Awareness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Jianwei Huang & Mei-Po Kwan & Lap Ah Tse & Sylvia Y. He, 2023. "How People’s COVID-19 Induced-Worries and Multiple Environmental Exposures Are Associated with Their Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during the Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-19, August.

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