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Nutrient Intake and Depression Symptoms in Spanish Children: The ANIVA Study

Author

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  • Nuria Rubio-López

    (Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
    Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
    Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • María Morales-Suárez-Varela

    (Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
    Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
    Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yolanda Pico

    (Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
    Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
    Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Moncada 46113, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Lorenzo Livianos-Aldana

    (Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
    Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia 46026, Spain
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Agustín Llopis-González

    (Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
    Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
    Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nutritional intake and depressive symptoms in Valencian schoolchildren. The ANIVA ( Antropometria y Nutricion Infantil de Valencia ) study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. During academic year 2013–2014, 710 schoolchildren aged 6–9 years were selected from eleven primary schools in Valencia (Spain). Children’s dietary intake was measured on three-day food records, completed by parents/guardians; children completed the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) Questionnaire to measure depressive symptoms. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), and z-scores were evaluated in all subjects. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using Spanish dietary recommended intakes (DRIs); 20.70% of the sample presented depressive symptoms. We identified a positive association between children with depressive symptoms and non-depressive symptoms for thiamin, vitamin K, and bromine ( p < 0.05), and a negative association for protein, carbohydrates, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B 12 and E, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and aluminum ( p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between both groups according to the DRIs for intakes of total energy ( p = 0.026), fiber ( p < 0.001), vitamin C ( p < 0.001), vitamin E ( p = 0.004), magnesium ( p = 0.018), and iron ( p = 0.013). Our results demonstrated that carbohydrates were the most closely associated factor with depressive symptoms, and highlight the potential significant public health implications of inadequate nutritional intake on schoolchildren’s mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Nuria Rubio-López & María Morales-Suárez-Varela & Yolanda Pico & Lorenzo Livianos-Aldana & Agustín Llopis-González, 2016. "Nutrient Intake and Depression Symptoms in Spanish Children: The ANIVA Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:3:p:352-:d:66260
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    1. O'Neil, A. & Quirk, S.E. & Housden, S. & Brennan, S.L. & Williams, L.J. & Pasco, J.A. & Berk, M. & Jacka, F.N., 2014. "Relationship between diet and mental health in children and adolescents: A systematic review," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(10), pages 31-42.
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    2. Haein Lee & In-Seo La, 2021. "Latent Class Analysis of Obesogenic Behaviors among Korean Adolescents: Associations with Weight-Related Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, October.

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