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Oxidative Stress Mechanisms Caused by Ag Nanoparticles (NM300K) are Different from Those of AgNO 3 : Effects in the Soil Invertebrate Enchytraeus Crypticus

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  • Maria J. Ribeiro

    (Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Vera L. Maria

    (Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand

    (Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark)

  • Mónica J. B. Amorim

    (Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal)

Abstract

The mechanisms of toxicity of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are unclear, in particular in the terrestrial environment. In this study the effects of AgNP (AgNM300K) were assessed in terms of oxidative stress in the soil worm Enchytraeus crypticus , using a range of biochemical markers [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), total glutathione (TG), metallothionein (MT), lipid peroxidation (LPO)]. E. crypticus were exposed during 3 and 7 days (d) to the reproduction EC 20 , EC 50 and EC 80 levels of both AgNP and AgNO 3 . AgNO 3 induced oxidative stress earlier (3 d) than AgNP (7 d), both leading to LPO despite the activation of the anti-redox system. MT increased only for AgNP. The Correspondence Analysis showed a clear separation between AgNO 3 and AgNP, with e.g. CAT being the main descriptor for AgNP for 7 d. LPO, GST and GPx were for both 3 and 7 d associated with AgNO 3 , whereas MT and TG were associated with AgNP. These results may reflect a delay in the effects of AgNP compared to AgNO 3 due to the slower release of Ag + ions from the AgNP, although this does not fully explain the observed differences, i.e ., we can conclude that there is a nanoparticle effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria J. Ribeiro & Vera L. Maria & Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand & Mónica J. B. Amorim, 2015. "Oxidative Stress Mechanisms Caused by Ag Nanoparticles (NM300K) are Different from Those of AgNO 3 : Effects in the Soil Invertebrate Enchytraeus Crypticus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:8:p:9589-9602:d:54201
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kim, Jaehoon & Kim, Sangsin, 2015. "2012년 국회법 개정의 효과 연구 [A Study on the Effect of the 2012 National Assembly Act Amendment]," KDI Research Monographs, Korea Development Institute (KDI), volume 127, number v:2015-03(k):y:2015:p:1-1.
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    Cited by:

    1. Janeck J. Scott‐Fordsmand & Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg & Elena Semenzin & Bernd Nowack & Neil Hunt & Danail Hristozov & Antonio Marcomini & Muhammad‐Adeel Irfan & Araceli Sánchez Jiménez & Robert Lan, 2017. "Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, October.
    2. Mónica J. B. Amorim, 2016. "The Daunting Challenge of Ensuring Sustainable Development of Nanomaterials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-3, February.
    3. Manal El-khadragy & Ebtesam M. Alolayan & Dina M. Metwally & Mohamed F. Serag El-Din & Sara S. Alobud & Nour I. Alsultan & Sarah S. Alsaif & Manal A. Awad & Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim, 2018. "Clinical Efficacy Associated with Enhanced Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract, Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Murine Model o," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, May.

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