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Treated Wastewater Effluent as a Source of Microbial Pollution of Surface Water Resources

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  • Shalinee Naidoo

    (Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X541 001, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa)

  • Ademola O. Olaniran

    (Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X541 001, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa)

Abstract

Since 1990, more than 1.8 billion people have gained access to potable water and improved sanitation worldwide. Whilst this represents a vital step towards improving global health and well-being, accelerated population growth coupled with rapid urbanization has further strained existing water supplies. Whilst South Africa aims at spending 0.5% of its GDP on improving sanitation, additional factors such as hydrological variability and growing agricultural needs have further increased dependence on this finite resource. Increasing pressure on existing wastewater treatment plants has led to the discharge of inadequately treated effluent, reinforcing the need to improve and adopt more stringent methods for monitoring discharged effluent and surrounding water sources. This review provides an overview of the relative efficiencies of the different steps involved in wastewater treatment as well as the commonly detected microbial indicators with their associated health implications. In addition, it highlights the need to enforce more stringent measures to ensure compliance of treated effluent quality to the existing guidelines.

Suggested Citation

  • Shalinee Naidoo & Ademola O. Olaniran, 2013. "Treated Wastewater Effluent as a Source of Microbial Pollution of Surface Water Resources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2013:i:1:p:249-270:d:31607
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Angulo, F.J. & Tippen, S. & Sharp, D.J. & Payne, B. & Collier, C. & Hill, J.E. & Barrett, T.J. & Clark, R.M. & Geldreich, E.E. & Denny Donnell Jr., H. & Swerdlow, D.L., 1997. "A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 87(4), pages 580-584.
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    Cited by:

    1. Essam M. Janahi & Sakina Mustafa & Saba F. D. Parkar & Humood A. Naser & Zaki M. Eisa, 2020. "Detection of Enteric Viruses and Bacterial Indicators in a Sewage Treatment Center and Shallow Water Bay," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Vanmarcke, Hanne & Tuytschaever, Tessa & Everaert, Bert & Cuypere, Tim De & Sampers, Imca, 2024. "Impact of using stored treated municipal wastewater for irrigation on the microbial quality and safety of vegetable crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    3. Mohammed Ali Musa & Syazwani Idrus & Mohd Razif Harun & Tuan Farhana Tuan Mohd Marzuki & Abdul Malek Abdul Wahab, 2019. "A Comparative Study of Biogas Production from Cattle Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Conventional and Modified Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Stenly Makuwa & Matsobane Tlou & Elvis Fosso-Kankeu & Ezekiel Green, 2020. "Evaluation of Fecal Coliform Prevalence and Physicochemical Indicators in the Effluent from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the North-West Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, September.
    5. Łukasz Jałowiecki & Jakub Hubeny & Monika Harnisz & Grażyna Płaza, 2021. "Seasonal and Technological Shifts of the WHO Priority Multi-Resistant Pathogens in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Receiving Surface Water: A Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Hind Barghash & Zuhoor AlRashdi & Kenneth E. Okedu & Peter Desmond, 2022. "Life-Cycle Assessment Study for Bio-Hydrogen Gas Production from Sewage Treatment Plants Using Solar PVs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.

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