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Impact of using stored treated municipal wastewater for irrigation on the microbial quality and safety of vegetable crops

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  • Vanmarcke, Hanne
  • Tuytschaever, Tessa
  • Everaert, Bert
  • Cuypere, Tim De
  • Sampers, Imca

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the demand for alternative water sources, with treated municipal wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) standing out as a potential alternative. A field study was performed to examine the impact of storage on the microbial quality of water from a WWTP and the possible microbial transmission to three vegetable crops irrigated with (stored) water from a WWTP. The analysis consisted of 13 microbial indicators, hygiene and pathogenic parameters. Results showed that storing water from a WWTP up to 32 days can result in a decrease of 4.8 log CFU/100 ml E. coli and the absence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Additionally, integrating waiting periods of 7 days post-irrigation resulted in very limited microbial transmission to the irrigated crops. However, continuous research and monitoring are essential to apply this method in practice, due to the variability of crop type and type of bacteria. As of now, in order to meet European legislation (2020/741/EC) and depending on the impact of post-harvest processing, further water treatment (e.g. disinfection) is still needed to safely use stored WWTP water as an alternative water source for irrigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Vanmarcke, Hanne & Tuytschaever, Tessa & Everaert, Bert & Cuypere, Tim De & Sampers, Imca, 2024. "Impact of using stored treated municipal wastewater for irrigation on the microbial quality and safety of vegetable crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:297:y:2024:i:c:s037837742400177x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108842
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shalinee Naidoo & Ademola O. Olaniran, 2013. "Treated Wastewater Effluent as a Source of Microbial Pollution of Surface Water Resources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Lonigro, Antonio & Rubino, Pietro & Lacasella, Vita & Montemurro, Nicola, 2016. "Faecal pollution on vegetables and soil drip irrigated with treated municipal wastewaters," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 66-73.
    3. Hristov, Jordan & Barreiro-Hurle, Jesus & Salputra, Guna & Blanco, Maria & Witzke, Peter, 2021. "Reuse of treated water in European agriculture: Potential to address water scarcity under climate change," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    4. Li, Jiusheng & Wen, Jie, 2016. "Effects of water managements on transport of E. coli in soil-plant system for drip irrigation applying secondary sewage effluent," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 12-20.
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