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Investigating Individual- and Area-Level Socioeconomic Gradients of Pulse Pressure among Normotensive and Hypertensive Participants

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  • Lisa A. Matricciani

    (Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Population Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia)

  • Catherine Paquet

    (Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Population Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
    Research Centre of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R2, Canada)

  • Natasha J. Howard

    (Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Population Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia)

  • Robert Adams

    (The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia)

  • Neil T. Coffee

    (Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Population Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia)

  • Anne W. Taylor

    (Population Research and Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia)

  • Mark Daniel

    (Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Population Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
    Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia)

Abstract

Socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease. Pulse pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, has been identified as an important predictor of cardiovascular risk even after accounting for absolute measures of blood pressure. However, little is known about the social determinants of pulse pressure. The aim of this study was to examine individual- and area-level socioeconomic gradients of pulse pressure in a sample of 2,789 Australian adults. Using data from the North West Adelaide Health Study we estimated the association between pulse pressure and three indices of socioeconomic status (education, income and employment status) at the area and individual level for hypertensive and normotensive participants, using Generalized Estimating Equations. In normotensive individuals, area-level education (estimate: −0.106; 95% CI: −0.172, −0.041) and individual-level income (estimate: −1.204; 95% CI: −2.357, −0.050) and employment status (estimate: −1.971; 95% CI: −2.894, −1.048) were significant predictors of pulse pressure, even after accounting for the use of medication and lifestyle behaviors. In hypertensive individuals, only individual-level measures of socioeconomic status were significant predictors of pulse pressure (education estimate: −2.618; 95% CI: −4.878, −0.357; income estimate: −1.683, 95% CI: −3.743, 0.377; employment estimate: −2.023; 95% CI: −3.721, −0.326). Further research is needed to better understand how individual- and area-level socioeconomic status influences pulse pressure in normotensive and hypertensive individuals.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa A. Matricciani & Catherine Paquet & Natasha J. Howard & Robert Adams & Neil T. Coffee & Anne W. Taylor & Mark Daniel, 2013. "Investigating Individual- and Area-Level Socioeconomic Gradients of Pulse Pressure among Normotensive and Hypertensive Participants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:2:p:571-589:d:23325
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ashley Isaac Naimi & Catherine Paquet & Lise Gauvin & Mark Daniel, 2009. "Associations between Area-Level Unemployment, Body Mass Index, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in an Urban Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    4. Yen, I.H. & Kaplan, G.A., 1998. "Poverty area residence and changes in physical activity level: Evidence from the Alameda County Study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(11), pages 1709-1712.
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    Cited by:

    1. Catherine Paquet & Basile Chaix & Natasha J. Howard & Neil T. Coffee & Robert J. Adams & Anne W. Taylor & Frédérique Thomas & Mark Daniel, 2016. "Geographic Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Metropolitan Centres in France and Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, May.

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