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The Complex Epidemiological Scenario of West Nile Virus in Italy

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  • Luisa Barzon

    (Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
    Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Monia Pacenti

    (Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Elisa Franchin

    (Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
    Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Laura Squarzon

    (Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy)

  • Enrico Lavezzo

    (Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy)

  • Margherita Cattai

    (Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Riccardo Cusinato

    (Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Giorgio Palù

    (Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
    Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

Entomological, veterinary, and human surveillance systems for West Nile virus (WNV) infection have been implemented in Italy since the first detection of the virus in 1998. These surveillance activities documented a progressive increase of WNV activity and spread in different regions and the emergence of new WNV lineages and strains. Italy is a paradigmatic example of the complex epidemiology of WNV in Europe, where sporadic cases of WNV infection, clusters, and small outbreaks have been reported in several regions. In addition, different strains of both WNV lineage 1 and lineage 2 have been identified, even co-circulating in the same area.

Suggested Citation

  • Luisa Barzon & Monia Pacenti & Elisa Franchin & Laura Squarzon & Enrico Lavezzo & Margherita Cattai & Riccardo Cusinato & Giorgio Palù, 2013. "The Complex Epidemiological Scenario of West Nile Virus in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:10:p:4669-4689:d:29217
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shannon L. LaDeau & A. Marm Kilpatrick & Peter P. Marra, 2007. "West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations," Nature, Nature, vol. 447(7145), pages 710-713, June.
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