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Spatial and Temporal Change of Land Cover in Protected Areas in Malawi: Implications for Conservation Management

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Kpienbaareh

    (Department of Geography and Environment, Social Science Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada)

  • Evans Sumabe Batung

    (Department of Geography and Environment, Social Science Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada)

  • Isaac Luginaah

    (Department of Geography and Environment, Social Science Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada)

Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) transform over time due to natural and anthropogenic processes, resulting in the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. As current and projected climatic trends are poised to pressurize the sustainability of PAs, analyses of the existing perturbations are crucial for providing valuable insights that will facilitate conservation management. In this study, land cover change, landscape characteristics, and spatiotemporal patterns of the vegetation intensity in the Kasungu National Park (area = 2445.10 km 2 ) in Malawi were assessed using Landsat data (1997, 2008 and 2018) in a Fuzzy K-Means unsupervised classification. The findings reveal that a 21.12% forest cover loss occurred from 1997 to 2018: an average annual loss of 1.09%. Transition analyses of the land cover changes revealed that forest to shrubs conversion was the main form of land cover transition, while conversions from shrubs (3.51%) and bare land (3.48%) to forest over the two decades were comparatively lower, signifying a very low rate of forest regeneration. The remaining forest cover in the park was aggregated in a small land area with dissimilar landscape characteristics. Vegetation intensity and vigor were lower mainly in the eastern part of the park in 2018. The findings have implications for conservation management in the context of climate change and the growing demand for ecosystem services in forest-dependent localities.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Kpienbaareh & Evans Sumabe Batung & Isaac Luginaah, 2022. "Spatial and Temporal Change of Land Cover in Protected Areas in Malawi: Implications for Conservation Management," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jgeogr:v:2:y:2022:i:1:p:6-86:d:748022
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Mccarthy,Nancy & Brubaker,Josh & De La Fuente,Alejandro, 2016. "Vulnerability to Poverty in rural Malawi," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7769, The World Bank.
    3. Daniel Kpienbaareh & Rachel Bezner Kerr & Isaac Luginaah & Jinfei Wang & Esther Lupafya & Laifolo Dakishoni & Lizzie Shumba, 2020. "Spatial and Ecological Farmer Knowledge and Decision-Making about Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-24, September.
    4. Martin Herold & Joseph Scepan & Keith C Clarke, 2002. "The Use of Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics to Describe Structures and Changes in Urban Land Uses," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 34(8), pages 1443-1458, August.
    5. Djenontin, Ida N.S. & Zulu, Leo C., 2021. "The quest for context-relevant governance of agro-forest landscape restoration in Central Malawi: Insights from local processes," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
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