IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v9y2016i3p127-d64405.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Distributed Energy Storage Using Residential Hot Water Heaters

Author

Listed:
  • Linas Gelažanskas

    (Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK)

  • Kelum A. A. Gamage

    (Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK)

Abstract

This paper proposes and analyses a new demand response technique for renewable energy regulation using smart hot water heaters that forecast water consumption at an individual dwelling level. Distributed thermal energy storage has many advantages, including high overall efficiency, use of existing infrastructure and a distributed nature. In addition, the use of a smart thermostatic controller enables the prediction of required water amounts and keeps temperatures at a level that minimises user discomfort while reacting to variations in the electricity network. Three cases are compared in this paper, normal operation, operation with demand response and operation following the proposed demand response mechanism that uses consumption forecasts. The results show that this technique can produce both up and down regulation, as well as increase water heater efficiency. When controlling water heaters without consumption forecast, the users experience discomfort in the form of hot water shortage, but after the full technique is applied, the shortage level drops to nearly the starting point. The amount of regulation power from a single dwelling is also discussed in this paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Linas Gelažanskas & Kelum A. A. Gamage, 2016. "Distributed Energy Storage Using Residential Hot Water Heaters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:3:p:127-:d:64405
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/3/127/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/3/127/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Atikol, Uğur, 2013. "A simple peak shifting DSM (demand-side management) strategy for residential water heaters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 435-440.
    2. Wang, J. & Botterud, A. & Bessa, R. & Keko, H. & Carvalho, L. & Issicaba, D. & Sumaili, J. & Miranda, V., 2011. "Wind power forecasting uncertainty and unit commitment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 4014-4023.
    3. Pina, André & Silva, Carlos & Ferrão, Paulo, 2012. "The impact of demand side management strategies in the penetration of renewable electricity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 128-137.
    4. Finn, P. & Fitzpatrick, C. & Connolly, D. & Leahy, M. & Relihan, L., 2011. "Facilitation of renewable electricity using price based appliance control in Ireland’s electricity market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2952-2960.
    5. Denholm, Paul & Sioshansi, Ramteen, 2009. "The value of compressed air energy storage with wind in transmission-constrained electric power systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3149-3158, August.
    6. Fitzgerald, Niall & Foley, Aoife M. & McKeogh, Eamon, 2012. "Integrating wind power using intelligent electric water heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 135-143.
    7. Ericson, Torgeir, 2009. "Direct load control of residential water heaters," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3502-3512, September.
    8. Linas Gelažanskas & Kelum A. A. Gamage, 2015. "Forecasting Hot Water Consumption in Residential Houses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-16, November.
    9. Moeini Sedeh, Mahmoud & Khodadadi, J.M., 2013. "Energy efficiency improvement and fuel savings in water heaters using baffles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 520-533.
    10. Lund, Peter D. & Lindgren, Juuso & Mikkola, Jani & Salpakari, Jyri, 2015. "Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 785-807.
    11. Armstrong, P. & Ager, D. & Thompson, I. & McCulloch, M., 2014. "Improving the energy storage capability of hot water tanks through wall material specification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 128-140.
    12. Hepbasli, Arif & Kalinci, Yildiz, 2009. "A review of heat pump water heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1211-1229, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jack, M.W. & Suomalainen, K. & Dew, J.J.W. & Eyers, D., 2018. "A minimal simulation of the electricity demand of a domestic hot water cylinder for smart control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 104-112.
    2. Boßmann, Tobias & Eser, Eike Johannes, 2016. "Model-based assessment of demand-response measures—A comprehensive literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1637-1656.
    3. Baeten, Brecht & Confrey, Thomas & Pecceu, Sébastien & Rogiers, Frederik & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "A validated model for mixing and buoyancy in stratified hot water storage tanks for use in building energy simulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 217-229.
    4. Schellenberg, C. & Lohan, J. & Dimache, L., 2020. "Comparison of metaheuristic optimisation methods for grid-edge technology that leverages heat pumps and thermal energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    5. Dagoumas, Athanasios S. & Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E., 2019. "Review of models for integrating renewable energy in the generation expansion planning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1573-1587.
    6. Wolf, Isabel & Holzapfel, Peter K.R. & Meschede, Henning & Finkbeiner, Matthias, 2023. "On the potential of temporally resolved GHG emission factors for load shifting: A case study on electrified steam generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    7. Roos, Aleksandra & Bolkesjø, Torjus Folsland, 2018. "Value of demand flexibility on spot and reserve electricity markets in future power system with increased shares of variable renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 207-217.
    8. Meschede, Henning, 2019. "Increased utilisation of renewable energies through demand response in the water supply sector – A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 810-817.
    9. Wang, Qin & Wu, Hongyu & Florita, Anthony R. & Brancucci Martinez-Anido, Carlo & Hodge, Bri-Mathias, 2016. "The value of improved wind power forecasting: Grid flexibility quantification, ramp capability analysis, and impacts of electricity market operation timescales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 696-713.
    10. Katz, Jonas & Andersen, Frits Møller & Morthorst, Poul Erik, 2016. "Load-shift incentives for household demand response: Evaluation of hourly dynamic pricing and rebate schemes in a wind-based electricity system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P3), pages 1602-1616.
    11. Li, Canbing & Shi, Haiqing & Cao, Yijia & Wang, Jianhui & Kuang, Yonghong & Tan, Yi & Wei, Jing, 2015. "Comprehensive review of renewable energy curtailment and avoidance: A specific example in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1067-1079.
    12. Deetjen, Thomas A. & Rhodes, Joshua D. & Webber, Michael E., 2017. "The impacts of wind and solar on grid flexibility requirements in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 637-654.
    13. Jens Rocholl & Lars Mönch & John Fowler, 2020. "Bi-criteria parallel batch machine scheduling to minimize total weighted tardiness and electricity cost," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 90(9), pages 1345-1381, November.
    14. Liu, Ming & Wang, Shan & Zhao, Yongliang & Tang, Haiyu & Yan, Junjie, 2019. "Heat–power decoupling technologies for coal-fired CHP plants: Operation flexibility and thermodynamic performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    15. McDonagh, Shane & Deane, Paul & Rajendran, Karthik & Murphy, Jerry D., 2019. "Are electrofuels a sustainable transport fuel? Analysis of the effect of controls on carbon, curtailment, and cost of hydrogen," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 716-730.
    16. Hodge, Bri-Mathias & Brancucci Martinez-Anido, Carlo & Wang, Qin & Chartan, Erol & Florita, Anthony & Kiviluoma, Juha, 2018. "The combined value of wind and solar power forecasting improvements and electricity storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 1-15.
    17. Ignacio Mauleón, 2020. "Economic Issues in Deep Low-Carbon Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-32, August.
    18. Lund, Peter D. & Lindgren, Juuso & Mikkola, Jani & Salpakari, Jyri, 2015. "Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 785-807.
    19. Ally, Clint & Bahadoorsingh, Sanjay & Singh, Arvind & Sharma, Chandrabhan, 2015. "A review and technical assessment integrating wind energy into an island power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 863-874.
    20. Auer, Hans & Haas, Reinhard, 2016. "On integrating large shares of variable renewables into the electricity system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P3), pages 1592-1601.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:3:p:127-:d:64405. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.