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Increased utilisation of renewable energies through demand response in the water supply sector – A case study

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  • Meschede, Henning

Abstract

Renewable energy systems (RES) play a key role in sustainable energy supply systems. Due to the volatile nature of RES, storage capacities and demand shifting strategies must be implemented. In remote areas like islands, the water supply sector mainly consisting of desalination plants and wells has a significant impact on the energy system. The objective of this paper is the evaluation of the demand shifting potential within this sector with respect to its robustness against probabilistic influencing variables. Mixed-integer linear programming is used to simulate the optimised dispatch. Compared to the total annual electricity demand of the island, the study shows that up to 2.1% (1.5 GWh) positive and 5.0% (3.6 GWh) negative demand shifting potential can be assumed if only existing plants are used. Utilisation of micro pumped hydro storage can increase these potentials to 5.5% (4.2 GWh) in positive and 10.3% (7.9 GWh) in negative direction. Furthermore, probabilistic solar radiation has no significant influence on the DR potential while for wind power a saturation of the DR potential for higher degrees of self-sufficiency can be found. Nevertheless, the absolute highest degrees of self-sufficiency come along with the utilisation of both photovoltaic (PV) and wind.

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  • Meschede, Henning, 2019. "Increased utilisation of renewable energies through demand response in the water supply sector – A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 810-817.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:175:y:2019:i:c:p:810-817
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.137
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    4. Groppi, Daniele & Pfeifer, Antun & Garcia, Davide Astiaso & Krajačić, Goran & Duić, Neven, 2021. "A review on energy storage and demand side management solutions in smart energy islands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    5. Groppi, Daniele & Nastasi, Benedetto & Prina, Matteo Giacomo, 2022. "The EPLANoptMAC model to plan the decarbonisation of the maritime transport sector of a small island," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    6. Henning Meschede & Paul Bertheau & Siavash Khalili & Christian Breyer, 2022. "A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(6), November.
    7. Esmaeil Ahmadi & Benjamin McLellan & Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo & Tetsuo Tezuka, 2020. "The Role of Renewable Energy Resources in Sustainability of Water Desalination as a Potential Fresh-Water Source: An Updated Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-31, June.
    8. Roham Torabi & Alvaro Gomes & Diogo Lobo & Fernando Morgado‐Dias, 2020. "Modelling demand flexibility and energy storage to support increased penetration of renewable energy resources on Porto Santo," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(6), pages 1118-1132, December.
    9. Wolf, Isabel & Holzapfel, Peter K.R. & Meschede, Henning & Finkbeiner, Matthias, 2023. "On the potential of temporally resolved GHG emission factors for load shifting: A case study on electrified steam generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    10. Majid, A. & van Zyl, J.E. & Hall, J.W., 2022. "The influence of temporal variability and reservoir management on demand-response in the water sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    11. Walmsley, Timothy Gordon & Philipp, Matthias & Picón-Núñez, Martín & Meschede, Henning & Taylor, Matthew Thomas & Schlosser, Florian & Atkins, Martin John, 2023. "Hybrid renewable energy utility systems for industrial sites: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
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    13. Meschede, Henning, 2020. "Analysis on the demand response potential in hotels with varying probabilistic influencing time-series for the Canary Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1480-1491.

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