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Coordinated Control Strategies for Polymorphic Energy in Hydrogen-Integrated Virtual Power Plants Under the Goal of a Low-Carbon Economy

Author

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  • Siwei Zheng

    (School of Economics and Business, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China)

  • Guoping Huang

    (School of Economics and Business, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China)

  • Zhaoxu Luo

    (College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China)

Abstract

This study develops a polymorphic energy coordination strategy for virtual power plants (VPPs) to enhance energy efficiency, operational flexibility, and carbon emission reduction. The proposed framework integrates three core components: (1) a tiered carbon trading mechanism enabling precise emission management through dynamic cost optimization; (2) an advanced two-stage power-to-gas (P2G) system combining electrolysis, methanation, and hydrogen fuel cell operations; (3) a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model optimized via CPLEX solver for cost-effective decision-making. Case studies demonstrate the strategy’s effectiveness in balancing economic and environmental objectives across multiple operational scenarios, with experimental validation confirming its practical advantages over conventional approaches. The findings offer critical insights for policymakers and energy enterprises pursuing low-carbon transitions.

Suggested Citation

  • Siwei Zheng & Guoping Huang & Zhaoxu Luo, 2025. "Coordinated Control Strategies for Polymorphic Energy in Hydrogen-Integrated Virtual Power Plants Under the Goal of a Low-Carbon Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:6:p:1351-:d:1608729
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Youngkook Song & Myeongju Chae & Yeonouk Chu & Yongtae Yoon & Younggyu Jin, 2024. "Impact of Penalty Structures on Virtual Power Plants in a Day-Ahead Electricity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-23, December.
    2. Haopeng Zhang & Xiangyu Zhai & Jiahui Zhang & Xiang Bai & Zening Li, 2024. "Mechanism Analysis of the Effect of the Equivalent Proportional Coefficient of Inertia Control for a Doubly Fed Wind Generator on Frequency Stability in Extreme Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Feng, Jie & Ran, Lun & Wang, Zhiyuan & Zhang, Mengling, 2024. "Optimal energy scheduling of virtual power plant integrating electric vehicles and energy storage systems under uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    4. Melissa-Jade Williams & Choong-Koo Chang, 2024. "The Optimal Integration of Virtual Power Plants for the South African National Grid Based on an Energy Mix as per the Integrated Resource Plan 2019: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-35, December.
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