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Influence of Chemical Kinetics on Tulip Flame Formation in Highly Reactive (H 2 /Air) and Low Reactive (CH 4 /Air) Mixtures

Author

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  • Chengeng Qian

    (Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High Speed and High Reynolds Number, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Aerodynamic Force Research AVIC Aerodynamics Research Institute, Shenyang 110034, China)

  • Mikhail A. Liberman

    (The Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

The early stages of hydrogen–air and methane–air flame dynamics and the development and evolution of tulip flames in closed tubes of various aspect ratios and in a semi-open tube are studied by solving the fully compressible reactive Navier–Stokes equations using a high-order numerical method coupled to detailed chemical models for stoichiometric hydrogen/air and methane/air mixtures. The use of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) provides adequate resolution of the flame reaction zone, pressure waves, and flame–pressure wave interactions. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper insight into the influence of chemical kinetics on the combustion regimes leading to the formation of a tulip flame and its subsequent evolution. The simulations highlight the effect of the flame thickness, flame velocity, and reaction order on the intensity of the rarefaction wave generated by the flame during the deceleration phase, which is the principal physical mechanism of tulip flame formation. The obtained results explain most of the experimentally observed features of tulip flame formation, e.g., faster tulip flame formation with a deeper tulip shape for faster flames compared to slower flames.

Suggested Citation

  • Chengeng Qian & Mikhail A. Liberman, 2025. "Influence of Chemical Kinetics on Tulip Flame Formation in Highly Reactive (H 2 /Air) and Low Reactive (CH 4 /Air) Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:4:p:885-:d:1589966
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liang, He & Yan, Xingqing & Shi, Enhua & Wang, Xinfei & Qi, Chang & Ding, Jianfei & Zhang, Lianzhuo & Chen, Lei & Lv, Xianshu & Yu, Jianliang, 2024. "Effect of hydrogen blending on ammonia/air explosion characteristics under wide equivalence ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    2. Shen, Xiaobo & Zhang, Chao & Xiu, Guangli & Zhu, Hongya, 2019. "Evolution of premixed stoichiometric hydrogen/air flame in a closed duct," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 265-271.
    3. Zhang, Zhiqing & Hu, Jingyi & Yang, Dayong & Yin, Zibin & Lu, Kai & Tan, Dongli, 2024. "A comprehensive assessment over the environmental impact and combustion efficiency of using ammonia/ hydrogen/diesel blends in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
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