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Exhaust Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with High-Ethanol Gasoline

Author

Listed:
  • Miłosław Kozak

    (Institute of Powertrains and Aviation, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

  • Marek Waligórski

    (Institute of Powertrains and Aviation, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Wcisło

    (Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Energy and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering and Power Technologies, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-120 Kraków, Poland)

  • Sławomir Wierzbicki

    (Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Kamil Duda

    (Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Ethyl alcohol is a known additive to automotive gasoline. In commercially available gasolines, its concentration is between 5 and 10%. Since ethyl alcohol can be considered as a renewable fuel, efforts are being made to further increase its content in gasoline. This article describes the results of comparison experiments on a Euro 5 direct injection spark-ignition car engine fueled with conventional gasoline and gasoline with 30% v / v ethyl alcohol content (E30). The test results showed that a significant share of ethanol in the fuel did not affect most of the regulated emissions of gaseous components (namely: CO, HC, NO), i.e., a three-way catalyst effectively removed these components, regardless of the fuel composition. Slightly lower CO 2 emissions with the E30 fuel were noticeable. A significant difference, however, in lower particulate number emissions for the fuel with high-ethanol content was seen. At high engine load, the use of the E30 fuel resulted in a tenfold reduction in particulate number emissions. This might be considered as a very valuable effect of ethanol since direct injection spark-ignition engines are typically characterized by higher particulate emissions compared to engines equipped with other types of injection systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Miłosław Kozak & Marek Waligórski & Grzegorz Wcisło & Sławomir Wierzbicki & Kamil Duda, 2025. "Exhaust Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with High-Ethanol Gasoline," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:454-:d:1572187
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Balat, Mustafa & Balat, Havva, 2009. "Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(11), pages 2273-2282, November.
    2. Wang, Chongming & Xu, Hongming & Herreros, Jose Martin & Wang, Jianxin & Cracknell, Roger, 2014. "Impact of fuel and injection system on particle emissions from a GDI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 178-191.
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