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Research on the Accounting and Prediction of Carbon Emission from Wave Energy Convertor Based on the Whole Lifecycle

Author

Listed:
  • Jian Li

    (National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300110, China)

  • Xiangnan Wang

    (National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300110, China)

  • Huamei Wang

    (National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300110, China)

  • Yuanfei Zhang

    (National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300110, China)

  • Cailin Zhang

    (National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300110, China)

  • Hongrui Xu

    (National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300110, China)

  • Bijun Wu

    (Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

Abstract

Wave energy, as a significant renewable and clean energy source with vast global reserves, exhibits no greenhouse gas or other pollution during real-sea operational conditions. However, throughout the entire lifecycle, wave energy convertors can produce additional CO 2 emissions due to the use of raw materials and emissions during transportation. Based on laboratory test data from a wave energy convertor model, this study ensures consistency between the model and the actual sea-deployed wave energy convertors in terms of performance, materials, and geometric shapes using similarity criteria. Carbon emission factors from China, the European Union, Brazil, and Japan are selected to predict the carbon emissions of wave energy convertors in real-sea conditions. The research indicates: (1) The predicted carbon emission coefficient for unit electricity generation ( E F co 2 ) of wave energy is 0.008–0.057 kg CO 2 /kWh; when the traditional steel production mode is adopted, the E F co 2 in this paper is 0.014–0.059 kg CO 2 /kWh, similar to existing research conclusions for the emission factor of CO 2 for wave energy convertor (0.012–0.050 kg CO 2 /kWh). The predicted data on carbon emissions in the lifecycle of wave energy convertors aligns closely with actual operational data. (2) The main source of carbon emissions in the life cycle of a wave energy converter, excluding the recycling of manufacturing metal materials, is the manufacturing stage, which accounts for 90% of the total carbon emissions. When the recycling of manufacturing metal materials is considered, the carbon emissions in the manufacturing stage are reduced, and the carbon emissions in the transport stage are increased, from about 7% to about 20%. (3) Under the most ideal conditions, the carbon payback period for a wave energy convertor ranges from 0.28 to 2.06 years, and the carbon reduction during the design lifespan (20 years) varies from 238.33 t CO 2 (minimum) to 261.80 t CO 2 (maximum).

Suggested Citation

  • Jian Li & Xiangnan Wang & Huamei Wang & Yuanfei Zhang & Cailin Zhang & Hongrui Xu & Bijun Wu, 2024. "Research on the Accounting and Prediction of Carbon Emission from Wave Energy Convertor Based on the Whole Lifecycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:1626-:d:1365974
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    References listed on IDEAS

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