IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i5p1253-d1352152.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hybrid Deloading Control Strategy in MMC-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Enhanced Frequency Regulation

Author

Listed:
  • Jimiao Zhang

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA)

  • Jie Li

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA)

Abstract

The growing integration of renewable energy sources, especially offshore wind (OSW), is introducing frequency stability challenges to electric power grids. This paper presents a novel hybrid deloading control strategy that enables modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) to actively contribute to grid frequency regulation. This research investigates a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based direct-drive configuration, sourced from the International Energy Agency’s (IEA’s) 15 MW reference turbine model. Specifically, phase-locked loop (PLL)-free grid-forming (GFM) control is employed via the grid-side converter (GSC), and DC-link voltage control is realized through the machine-side converter (MSC), both of which boost the energy support for the integrated AC grid’s frequency stability. This control strategy combines the benefits of over-speeding and pitch control modes, facilitating smooth transitions between different modes based on real-time wind speed measurements. In addition, the practical challenges of MMCs, such as circulating currents and capacitor voltage imbalances, are addressed. Numerical simulations under varying wind speeds and loading conditions validate the enhanced frequency regulation capability of the proposed approach.

Suggested Citation

  • Jimiao Zhang & Jie Li, 2024. "Hybrid Deloading Control Strategy in MMC-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Enhanced Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:1253-:d:1352152
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1253/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1253/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oscar Carranza Castillo & Viviana Reyes Andrade & Jaime José Rodríguez Rivas & Rubén Ortega González, 2023. "Comparison of Power Coefficients in Wind Turbines Considering the Tip Speed Ratio and Blade Pitch Angle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-23, March.
    2. Pablo Fernández-Bustamante & Oscar Barambones & Isidro Calvo & Cristian Napole & Mohamed Derbeli, 2021. "Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Muhammad Salman Shahid & Seun Osonuga & Nana Kofi Twum-Duah & Sacha Hodencq & Benoit Delinchant & Frédéric Wurtz, 2023. "An Assessment of Energy Flexibility Solutions from the Perspective of Low-Tech," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-29, April.
    2. Md. Shafiul Alam & Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury & Abhishak Dhar & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & M. S. H. Choudhury & Md Shafiullah & Md. Ismail Hossain & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2023. "Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.
    3. Wiesław Łyskawiński & Krzysztof Kowalski & Rafał M. Wojciechowski, 2024. "Experimental Assessment of Suitability of Darrieus and Savonius Turbines for Obtaining Wind Energy from Passing Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Schwidtal, Jan Marc & Agostini, Marco & Coppo, Massimiliano & Bignucolo, Fabio & Lorenzoni, Arturo, 2023. "Optimized operation of distributed energy resources: The opportunities of value stacking for Power-to-Gas aggregated with PV," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    5. Matheus Schramm Dall’Asta & Telles Brunelli Lazzarin, 2024. "A Review of Fast Power-Reserve Control Techniques in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-29, January.
    6. Aksher Bhowon & Khaled M. Abo-Al-Ez & Marco Adonis, 2022. "Variable-Speed Wind Turbines for Grid Frequency Support: A Systematic Literature Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-25, October.
    7. Mahmood Abduljabbar Hammad & Abdelgadir Mohamed Mahmoud & Ahmed M. Abdelrhman & Shamsul Sarip, 2024. "Performance Enhancement of H-Type Darrieus VAWT Using a Hybrid Method of Blade Pitch Angle Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-17, August.
    8. Hui Liu & Peng Wang & Teyang Zhao & Zhenggang Fan & Houlin Pan, 2022. "A Group-Based Droop Control Strategy Considering Pitch Angle Protection to Deloaded Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-23, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:1253-:d:1352152. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.